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By Whitney on August 1, This page may include affiliate links. If you click and purchase, we may receive a small commission at no extra cost to you. Learn More Whether you have a puppy or a 10 year old pup, Goldendoodle grooming in the comfort of your own home is a valuable skill. Lucky for you, we have a video tutorial series on DIY full-body grooming that will guide you through the entire process of Doodle grooming. You can find those videos and some brief step-by-step instructions below, as well as on our YouTube channel. By the way, all these videos were shot in first person perspective, so you can see what the groom looks like from your point of view! Gradually pull small portions of hair down with the brush. See Also: Click the image Brushing and removing mats is especially important before going on to the next step, because water will make mats bigger and tighter. For instance, since blades by themselves take off most of the hair and cut closer to the skin than clipper combs, it may not make much sense to spend all that time bathing and blow drying your Doodle, only to clip all their hair off in the end. However, if you will be using clipper combs a. Whether you will be using bare blades or clipper combs, be aware that clipping a dirty coat will cause your blades to accumulate oil and dirt, causing them to become dull and ineffective quicker. Related Content. This article has been viewed , times. A goldendoodle is a wonderful dog breed that is a crossbreed of a poodle and a golden retriever. It has a coat that is a unique mix of the two breeds, with loose curls and a slightly shaggy look. To care for this coat, you need to groom the dog regularly. To groom it properly you should clean the entire dog, cut its coat, trim its nails, and clean its ears and teeth. This will keep the dog looking good and will ensure that it is a clean and healthy member of your family. All rights reserved. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc. To begin cleaning your goldendoodle you should give its coat a good brushing. This will untangle its fur and remove any debris that may be embedded in its coat. Goldendoodles should be brushed on a regular basis. Try to brush it every day to keep its coat mat free. Use a slicker brush to brush your goldendoodle. These brushes work well with a goldendoodle's coat and are available at most pet supply stores. Start clipping the goldendoodle's coat by moving the clipper out to areas that could not be combed through. In addition to eliminating unsightly areas on the coat, removing mats and tangles will allow you to comb through the coat as you clip it. Get a pair of clippers that are designed for grooming dogs as well as a grooming comb that clips onto the end of the clippers. They will cut through the dog's fur quickly and effectively. Grooming clippers are generally sold at large pet stores and from online retailers. Scissors can accidentally cut and injure the dog. Only professionals should use scissors on dogs. Prepare a warm bath and put your dog in it. Scrub its coat clean with dog shampoo and then rinse it out thoroughly. This will allow you to really determine the state of the dog's coat and to handle a clean dog while you are cutting its fur. Dog shampoo is available at pet stores and from online retailers. Don't use shampoo that is made for humans. Dog shampoo is formulated specifically for dogs and will not strip the natural oils from their fur and skin. Once the dog is clean you should dry its coat before trimming it. Having a dry coat while trimming the coat is important so that you can assess the length of fur you want while you are doing the trimming. A wet coat tends to shrink and will not allow you to judge what the final product will look like while you are trimming. Rub the dog with a towel to get most of the moisture out of its coat. Then allow the dog to shake itself off and let the coat air dry. When drying your dog you should also be sure to dry the dog's ears. Goldendoodles tend to get ear infections easily, so drying their ears is important. In order to be precise with your cuts and to deal with the flexibility of the ear, you should find some grooming clippers to use on your dog's ears. The fur on the outside of the ear should be trimmed to a uniform length. Typically this is around 1 inch 2. Trim the fur around the entrance to the ears to a short length. It should be short enough so that the dog's fur doesn't cover the entrance to its ears. Trimming this fur short can help your dog's hearing and will increase air circulation in the ear, which can cut down on the chance of ear infections. In order for your goldendoodle to see, you should keep the fur in front of its eyes trimmed. Use clippers to trim around the eyes. You may also want to thin the fur between the eyes with thinning shears so that the fur in this area does not get very thick. Make sure your dog is calm and not moving before attempting to use clippers around that area of fur so that you don't accidentally injure its eyes. The top of a goldendoodle's muzzle can get thick and puffy, so it should be trimmed down. However, keep the sides of the muzzle longer than the top and bottom. The length of the top and sides of the muzzle are up to you but make sure that the fur on the side of the muzzle is short enough so that it doesn't get in the dog's mouth. Begin trimming the fur on the back of the dog's head with dog grooming clippers. As you move the clippers down the dog's neck, transition the length to the length you want on the rest of the dog's body. The length of fur on the dog's head and body may be the same length or the fur on the head might be slightly longer. This is purely based on personal preference. Using dog clippers with a 1 inch 2. Be sure to thoroughly clip the large areas, such as the back, by going over them several times. With the clipper guard on you should be able to keep the length of the coat uniform as long as the dog stays still. The fur on a goldendoodle's feet is typically cut shorter than the rest of the dog's body. This will allow you to keep its paws cleaner and will give them a tidy look. It's important not to forget to trim the fur between your goldendoodle's toes. This area can be easily overlooked but it is important for your dog's comfort that this fur be removed. If your dog is anxious, you may need to restrain it a bit to successfully trim this fur without hurting the dog. After you have cleaned up the fur on your goldendoodle's feet, you should take the time to trim its nails as well. A dog's nails need to be trimmed regularly, especially if it mostly walks around on a soft surface that doesn't wear its nails down. They are available at all pet supply stores. You will want to hold the dog still while you are trimming its nails. When trimming the nail, don't cut off very much. You want to avoid cutting into the quick, which is the blood vessel inside the nail. When grooming your dog you should also clean the inside of its mouth. Purchase dog toothpaste and a dog toothbrush and use them to brush the dog's teeth. Dog toothpaste is typically available at every pet store and from online retailers. It can take some time to get a dog used to tooth brushing, so don't expect your dog to love this process right away. Be sure to use toothpaste that is made specifically for dogs. Toothpaste for humans can be toxic to dogs, so don't use it on their teeth. Part of grooming your dog is making sure that its ears are clean and healthy. Look in the dog's ears and use a veterinary ear cleaner to remove any dirt and debris. Be careful when you are cleaning your dog's ears. It's important not to press any debris down into the animal's ear canal while you are trying to clean it. If you think there is some debris in the animal's ear canal, you should have it removed by a veterinarian. Ear cleaner made for dogs is typically available at pet stores or through your veterinarian. Once your grooming routine is totally done you should give your dog one more brush. This will remove any remaining fur and will allow you to make sure that your have trimmed its coat evenly. If you find any uneven areas give them a quick trim to even out the coat. Nail clippers Dog hair dryer If you intend to groom your doodle at home regularly, a dog grooming table is a handy piece of equipment to add to your kit. This is done by brushing one line of hair away at a time. Using a metal or stainless steel comb with wide gaps is best for getting rid of mats, tangles, and loose hair in doodles with thick and curly fur. A dematting rake is better for removing mats in wavier coats. Removing tangles and knots is vital before bathing your dog. Brushing and combing your doodle should take place once to twice a week for a healthy, shiny coat. Bathing your dog before clipping their hair gives a better finish to the haircut. Some owners choose to shower with their doodles, while others use a bathtub. Work with the grain of the coat to prevent tangles or knots. Avoid using harsh ruffling movements, as this will encourage matting. Depending on how skilled you are, you can choose to use grooming scissors or dog clippers. Thoroughly clip the entire body, including the back, sides, and hind legs, including the base. The clipper guard ensures you get a uniform cut over the whole body. Trim the hair around the ear canal entrance to a slightly shorter length. Using round-tipped thinning shears , trim the fur around the eyes so your dog can see properly. Make sure your dog is calm and still when trimming around the eyes to prevent a nasty accident from happening! Using professional dog nail trimmers with a safety stop feature helps get the job done neatly, quickly, and free of injuries! Dog dental care is vital to prevent tooth decay, periodontal disease, and other oral health conditions. Using a finger brush dog toothbrush can also make it easier to get to the hard-to-reach parts of the mouth while making the experience less intimidating for your doodle. A quick tip! Feed your doodle the best dog food for dental health for proper oral care. How often you groom your doodle depends on how long or short you want their coat to be. For shorter coats, grooming should take place every six to eight weeks. Goldendoodles are a combination of poodle and golden retriever breeds. This means they have thick, curly, or wavy coats. Occasionally, you may come across a doodle with straight fur similar to that of the golden retriever. What is a teddy bear cut on a goldendoodle? There are numerous haircuts that can be used on a goldendoodle. However, the most popular and adorable style is the teddy bear cut. This style resembles our childhood teddy bears with a round face, button eyes, bear-like paws, and a soft, fluffy body. When should I brush my goldendoodle puppy teeth? This way, your pup can get used to having their teeth brushed every day when they get older. Final Thoughts On Goldendoodle Grooming Knowing how to groom a goldendoodle at home saves you time and money, and it builds a great relationship between you and your doodle! Having the right dog grooming kit is vital for a successful groom and happy goldendoodle. Grooming keeps your dog comfortable while ensuring their overall wellness, and it includes: Brushing and combing regularly to keep messy mats at bay Trimming the fur on the whole body and face Keeping the nails short and brushing teeth daily Following my eight steps on how to groom a goldendoodle face and body will have you mastering the techniques used by professional dog groomers! Tell us about your experiences grooming your goldendoodle in the comment section below. You May Also Like. Puppy Grooming: First Haircut When should a goldendoodle puppy go to the groomer? What do you do? The first trip to the groomer Your puppy has hopefully! She should have already had her initial introduction to her lifetime of being groomed. Your goldendoodle puppy should visit a professional groomer for the first time after her week immunizations. Since she will need regular grooming throughout her life, both she and her groomer will benefit if she is accustomed to being groomed from a young age. The first big girl or big boy haircut The wavy, curly adult coat will start replacing the soft, fluffy puppy coat around months of age. Waiting to cut the hair until the adult coat makes its debut beneath the layers of puppy fur helps ensure that the adult coat remains soft. Poodle groomers and poodle fanciers claim that shaving a poodle or goldendoodle down before her adult coat starts coming in could damage the adult coat, affecting the texture. Take your goldendoodle puppy for her first full big girl haircut at months of age, once her adult coat has started coming in. As aforementioned, take her to the groomer for a puppy clip after her week immunizations. Before your first big trip to the groomer for that full haircut, spend time looking through pictures of goldendoodle haircuts. You can also read about what to expect when you take her to the groomer and how to avoid a poodle-style haircut. You should regularly groom your puppy: brushing her hair, cleaning her ears, brushing her teeth, clipping her toenails , and checking her for any anomalies i. You want your puppy to become accustomed to being brushed from a young age. Do the brief bonding exercise with your puppy each night before bed to ensure she is used to being touched and handled. Your groomer with thank you. Trust me. Still have questions about goldendoodle puppy grooming? Learn more about what shampoos and brushes to purchase for grooming your goldendoodle from a professional goldendoodle groomer. Share this:. If you have any tips that we could share with our Rainfield Goldendoodle family, please contacct us through Rainfield Facebook page or at my email at laurie rainfieldgoldendoodles. Goldendoodle Puppies at weeks old. Their coats are fluffy and getting thicker. The pup in the middle will be the first to need the hair around his eyes trimmed. We are not being paid or compensated to advertise these. These are just items we have research and added to our grooming set up. Here at Rainfield, we have puppies whose coats range from quite curly our F1bb or some F1b puppies to shaggy wavy coats our F1s and some F1bs. Goldendoodles take a couple years to get their full and final coats, so their coats will change and transition during those first two years. They usually start off pretty fluffy with baby fuzz underneath. Gradually the curlier doodles get more of a curly, poodle-like coat, although usually with looser curls that a poodle. The shaggy wavy coated doodles, get a longer, fuller, straighter coat, often with a little curl in it. In our experience, curlier goldendoodles need their first actual grooming experience a little earlier monhs old than the shaggy wavy doodles months. Two different coat types. Marcus the Great is an F1 doodle and has a shaggy, wavy coat. Princess Neely is an F1b Mini Goldendoodle puppy. She has a beautiful curly coat. Get Your Puppy Started with Weekly Grooming Maintenance Regardless of the coat type, before you start full-on grooming a goldendoodle puppy,they need to get used to regular brushings and the sounds of the grooming table blowers, clippers, etc. Go ahead and blow dry them a little bit after each bath. If you have clippers or beard trimmers, turn on the clippers and let your goldendoodle get used to the sound. Bring the clippers close to their fur in different places, their head, legs, feet. Give your doodles dog treats while the blower or clippers are going so your doodle develops a positive association with those sounds. Brushing your goldendoodle puppy at least once a week is very important. The earliest grooming a goldendoodle puppy needs is often an eye, ear and sanitary trim. When their hair starts getting in their eyes, or fuzzing out their ears, and when poop residue starts clinging to their fur near their butt, your doodle is ready for their first light grooming. Amber is a 5 month old F1 Goldendoodle Puppy. With our puppies that often happens at about weeks of age. You can either take them to the groomer to get this done, or, if you are more of a DIYer like we are, you can do this at home. A little trim around the eyes, a light buzz on the inside of the ears with a small trimmer like this one and some scissor clipping around their potty areas might be enough to tide you over until their coat is thick enough for their first official grooming. Just be careful because doodles can be bouncy. We use safety tip grooming scissors that have rounded ends for the areas around their face. A scissor clip will even her coat out a bit. With that nice coat, we want her to be used to regular grooming and the grooming table as well. Our doodles seem to need their first grooming at about 5 months old, but puppies with an especially thick, full coat, may need it sooner. Puppies with thinner coats, may be able to go longer than that. We do most of our own grooming, when possible. We prefer the longer, shaggier look on our goldendoodles, so we prefer to start with scissor clipping when grooming a goldendoodle puppy. Scissor clipping is all Amber needs for now. A grooming table makes all the difference. We use the large Flying Pig Brand. Grooming a goldendoodle puppy takes skill, but Violet 16 has learned her grooming techniques by watching Youtube videos. Amber feels good and looks so much cleaner and neater after getting all that puppy fuzz off. Dogs with long ears can have more ear trouble as the hair grows and gets trapped in their ears. Once this happens, moisture is retained and yeast and other bacteria can become a problem. Part of your weekly grooming maintenance should be checking their ears and using an ear wash. We use Zymox Otic and use that for 3 or 4 days. Brownie has those long, floppy doodle ears that need regular cleanings to keep yeast growth at bay. 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Arthritis Cancer You can keep your Bernese German Shepherd as healthy as possible by bringing him to the vet for a wellness check at least once per year. As your dog gets older, you may want to increase the frequency of the visits and consider doing senior bloodwork at least once every year. Also make sure to keep your dog on prevention for heartworms , fleas and ticks at all times. It should be no different for your dog. But you need to help him. The Ultimate Guide to Dog Health is the answer. This handy guide will help you recognize the symptoms of the health problems above. Get the knowledge to stay ahead of these terrible issues that can rob your lovely dog from vigor and life. The Euro Mountain Sheparnese lifespan is sadly not that long. Giant breeds simply do not live as long as smaller breeds. With good care, the lifespan of your Euro Mountain Sheparnese could reach 10 or ever 12 years, but that would be quite old for this breed. Many pass away around 8 or 9 years old. Grooming and Shedding: Get Ready for Fur! The answer to that question is definitely yes! If you cannot handle dog fur, this is probably not the right dog for you. When you combine the two breeds into a Euro Mountain Sheparnese you are definitely going to get a designer dog that sheds profusely! You are going to need to stock up on a heavy duty vacuum cleaner as well as a variety of brushes and combs. You should give your dog a bath as needed, but approximately once every month or two. If your dog has very long fur, you might want to take him to a professional groomer a few times per year for a haircut, or at least a sanitary trim. You should also clean his ears frequently to prevent infection. Is the Euro Mountain Sheparnese Hypoallergenic? The Euro Mountain Sheparnese is not hypoallergenic unfortunately. If you are allergic to dog dander, this mixed breed will not work for you. Exercise The Euor Mountain Sheparnese is a big, athletic dog that needs plenty of daily exercise. You will not be able to keep this dog cooped up in the yard or in a small apartment all day. These dogs need vigorous exercise such as walking, jogging, swimming, hiking, or playing with other dogs. After they burn some energy, they are happy to relax by your side, but you should be prepared to provide at least an hour of daily activity if you adopt a German Shepherd Mountain Dog. Likewise, the German Shepherd Mountain Dog needs a lot of training and mental stimulation to keep him from becoming bored and destructive. The best way to train a Bernese Mountain Dog German Shepherd mix is through positive reinforcement training. If possible sign up for a basic obedience class or a puppy socialization class with a positive reinforcement trainer. Never use painful tools such as pinch collars or shock collars on your German Shepherd Bernese Mountain Dog mix. Such tactics will damage the fragile trust between you and your new dog. Your dog will learn best through positive, pain-free methods. If you think your Bernese Mountain Dog German Shepherd mix would enjoy even more mental enrichment, you can sign up for a canine sport such as nosework, agility, weight pull, or herding trials. The best route is probably through rescue or adoption. Since the Euro Mountain Sheparnese is a mixed breed dog, there are not too many breeders out there creating Euro Mountain Sheparnese puppies. Although there might be a few. If you do end up working with a breeder, make sure you do a lot of research to make sure it is a responsible breeder. Definitely do not buy a Bernese Mountain Dog German Shepherd mix puppy from a pet store or over the internet. Visit your local animal shelter and let them know that you are looking for a German Shepherd Bernese Mountain Dog mix. Even if they do not have one at that time, you can fill out an application and leave your name and number on file for the future. That way they can let you know if they receive a dog that might be a good match for you. The shelter can also refer you to other rescue groups that specialize in certain breeds and mixes such as a local German Shepherd rescue, a Bernese Mountain Dog rescue, or a rescue that specializes in giant mixes. The internet is another useful tool for finding a Bernese Mountain Dog German Shepherd mix for adoption. Check out websites such as Petfinder. The price will depend on where you purchase or adopt your dog. If you adopt from an animal shelter or rescue group, the adoption fee is generally fairly affordable. This significantly less than you would pay if you purchased a purebred dog from a breeder. We hope that this article has answered some of your questions about the lovable Bernese Mountain Dog German Shepherd mix! Thank you for reading! Allie M. Allie has worked in the field of animal welfare for over ten years and as a freelance writer the space for many years. She has had many different kinds of dogs and cats throughout her life—all adopted. She currently shares her home with a lovable pit bull mix named Huckleberry. Meningitis Heat sensitivity By ensuring that your dog gets the right food diet and exercise, you can help increase the lifespan of your dog companion. For puppies, it is recommended to delay neutering, about 10 months. Delayed neutering is beneficial for the dog to achieve correct hormone levels and stimulate proper growth and development. Moreover, early neutering may cause further hip dysplasia later on. Euro Mountain Sheparnese Food Requirements Taking into consideration their large size and activity level, this hybrid dog should at least eat cups of high-quality dry food per day. Take note of this 3 important tips for your Euro Mountain Sheparnese nutrition needs: Carrying out blood tests to identify any food allergies: This is recommended since both parents of this mixed breed dog are known to have certain dietary sensitives. The German Shepherd side of his lineage is known to be easily prone to nutritional sensitivities. Choosing the right food: Pet dogs enjoy the same food humans do. Make sure you choose the right food product that will attend to all your dog nutritional needs. Dog foods rich in carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, and minerals are highly recommended. Avoid additives: This is very crucial because if they consume any additives or fillers from their food, it may cause overactivity and other behavioral issues. Consult a Dog Nutritionist. To ensure that your Euro Mountain Sheparnese is receiving the proper nutrition he needs, opt to consult dog nutrition professionals for pieces of advice specific for your dog companion. All responsible dog owners love to provide their pooch with the best care and nutrition. If you wish your dog was strong and healthy, stay away from the worst dry dog food, and choose the best dry dog food instead, for example, Wellness Core Dog Food , Dog For Dog Food , or Nutra Thrive dog food supplement. Puppies require food that is full of vitamins and easy to digest which you may find among best puppy food brands. Older dogs, in their grandpa style, need food that contains moderate fat and protein levels as in the best senior dry dog food. Your hairy companion comes from different breeds and therefore you can experiment with the best dry dog food for small dogs or best large breed dry dog food. Euro Mountain Sheparnese Bernese Mountain Dog German Shepherd Exercise Requirements Since both parent breeds of Euro Mountain Sheparnese are high-energy dogs, regular exercise is needed to release excess energy and to keep them happy and healthy. Also, routine exercise is not only good for your dog but also beneficial for your health. You can provide interactive dog toys or conduct challenging activities to keep him mentally fit. As previously mentioned, the Euro Mountain Sheparnese is a hybrid of working dogs. Both parent breeds were developed to be work-oriented. Thus, you can train puppies at an early age to perform varying tasks ranging from agility to herding. Training this hybrid dog is very crucial since they are large sized and tends to be very active. Implement positive reinforcement training methods. Euro Mountain Sheparnese loves treats and encouragement so expect them to be very responsive. Make sure to avoid punishment-based training since this hybrid dog may tend to respond aggressively when being punished or shouted at. Train your hybrid dog consistently in a positive method, and your dog will reward you with obedience and loyalty. His Bernese Mountain Dog lineage is known to pull on anything, but proper training can help fix this. Obedience Training: Train your Euro mountain Sheparnese puppies to grasp basic obedience training commands such as sit, down, stay and recall. This will also help improve bonding with your friendly companion. Correcting Growling and Aggression: It is vital to train your hybrid dog to not be aggressive to people and to other dogs as well. This hybrid dog is not particularly cautious of strangers but may bark in alarm, which may not be dog-friendly. Early social training is essential since the German Shepherd parent of this hybrid can be aloof. He loves to be with the people all the time. Kids love the Euro Mountain Sheparnese because it tends to be very affectionate with its loved ones, which is what a child wants. Their genuine nature and friendly disposition make them a devoted family dog companion. Lifespan Sociability Since the Bernese Mountain and German Shepherd continue to become more popular, their hybrid mix does as well. The parent breeds of a Euro Mountain Sheparnese tend to be expensive, so the mix of these tends to go down that price range as well. If you want to adopt a Euro Mountain Sheparnese, you might need some patience. Euro Motaunain Sheparneses are known to be energetic and playful dogs. They require plenty of mental and physical stimulation to avoid boredom. Training and early socialization are always a good idea with puppies so they grow to be friendly dogs around other pets and people. The Bernese Mountain Dogs are supposed to have worked on farms 2, years ago. Bernese Mountain dogs were initially called Swiss Mountain dogs. Although they were not originally from the Swiss Alps region, it is the area with which they have become the most strongly associated. The reason for this is their longevity, having been brought to the region by the invading Romans 2, years ago. They were also used as herders and traveled the Alps with their shepherding masters. As in many other areas of the world, the need for so many small farms decreased in the 19th century and the use for these pups along with it. They began to see a sharp decline in overall popularity. Luckily, there were devotees to the breed that worked hard to maintain their bloodlines. The Bernese Mountain dogs became popular all over Europe. When they were imported into the country, they quickly began their climb in popularity and were accepted by the AKC in .The Euro Mountain Sheparnese still have the hard work ethic and strength of the Bernese parents. It is due to these traits that they make excellent farm dogs. They like to have a job to do and appreciate more space to run around in as well. German Shepherds are a popular but relatively young breed. The Germans initially bred them, supposedly a Captain Max von Stephanitz, who wanted to produce the most obedient and well-rounded dog. He did so by studying desirable traits in many different dog breeds in Germany during the late 19th century and developed the German Shepherd as a result. Since then, they have spread around the world as a popular dog. It is mostly because of their alert temperaments, loyalty, and high trainability. So much popularity has encouraged bad breeding, where some desirable traits end up in the mix. These dogs can be mistaken for Rottweilers, depending on which parent they favor. Sometimes, it can be confusing to differentiate purebred and well-known dogs from other lesser-known hybrids. In the case of a Euro Mountain Sheparnese, they can easily be mistaken for a Rottweiler. The reason for this is because of their coat color and texture patterns. Both the German Shepherd and the Bernese Mountain dog have a double coat, meaning two layers of fur for extra protection from the elements. It also means that they tend to shed quite a bit. They also have similar color patterns to one another, black and tan, with the Bernese typically having white splotches on their chest and paws. If the hair ends up being shorter, favoring the typical German Shepherd look, then the combination of physical traits makes them resemble a Rottweiler. The best way to tell between the Euro Mountain Sheparnese and a Rottweiler is their overall build and height. The Euro Mountain Sheparnese is large but tends to have a more athletic body and longer legs. Rottweilers have thicker chests, square faces, and shorter legs. They inherit a strong work ethic and demure attitudes from both of their parents. Both can also be serious, although younger pups still like to play with their family members. These dogs make an excellent watch and guard dogs because they are always alert and ready to protect. They can be cautious of strangers, so if your dog is socialized, be careful about teaching them appropriate social manners. These dogs are highly intelligent, coming from two independent breeds trained to be thinkers of a sort. They like to have the freedom and trust to make some of their own decisions. They are generally quite easy to train, but their size, energy, and sometimes temperaments make them not fit for first-time owners. Are These Dogs Good for Families? They are protectors, though, and take this charge quite seriously. These dogs can be wary of strangers; however, they are friendly and attentive with their own family. Their affection is what makes them a beloved pet. Regarding their parent breeds, it is relatively unpredictable how well they will get along with other dogs. Sometimes they can be quite territorial, while at other times, they are friendly and extremely social. Keep in mind that each dog is different, no matter what breed they come from, and they may need extra training to behave appropriately in different social situations. It is possible for these dogs to eat you out of house and home. They can eat 3. Check into the parental sensitivities from the breeder, especially of the German Shepherd. If you are still concerned about food sensitivities, you can get various blood tests done to check. If you have one of these dogs, you will find that vets and breeders highly recommend avoiding food with any fillers or additives. In these dogs, it can lead to behavioral issues. A post shared by Rocky rocky. They need a great deal of exercise each day and are thus not an appropriate choice for those who live in apartments or small homes unless they belong to an active owner. They need about 3 hours of high to medium levels of activity each day or about 14 miles of walking every week. Since they are highly trainable, you can try agility training. Since they need quite a bit of socialization, it is best to take them to some sort of dog park from as young an age as possible. They are large dogs that were often used for pulling, especially the Bernese Mountain dog. It means that they are known to pull on the leash, but this can be trained out of them with consistency. Forming a bond with these dogs is a sure way to find success in obedience training. The trainer needs to establish themselves as the leader. When this is established, their intelligence and willingness make them quick and easy to train. They need daily brushings to keep any knots out of their fur and their skin and coat healthy. You need to clean their ears thoroughly every several days, removing wax and dirt from the inside and preventing infection. Brush their teeth at least a couple of times a week, preferably daily because these dogs sometimes suffer from dental issues. Like many other big dogs, they have relatively short lifespans. Make sure to bring them to the vet at least once a year to catch any health issues as soon as possible. Minor Conditions. Males typically weigh between 85 and pounds, whereas females usually weigh between 75 and 95 pounds. Their appearance can vary depending on which parent breed they take after most. Bernese Mountain Dog German Shepherd Mix — Coats and Colors This crossbreed has a thick, double coat that is medium to long in length and can be either straight or slightly wavy. Common coat colors include black, brown, tan, and white. The Bernese Shepherd Mix can come in a variety of colors, including black, brown, white, and gray. They can also have markings of other colors, such as red or silver. This crossbreed is intelligent and easy to train, and they love to please their owners. They are also good with children and other pets, making them an ideal choice for a family pet. Their temperament can vary depending on which parent breed they take after more, but overall, they are a friendly and loving dog. While all dogs need some basic obedience training, the Bernese Shepherd Dog has some additional needs that should be taken into account. Here are some tips on what you need to know about training your Bernese Shepherd Dog. The Bernese Shepherd Dog is a working breed that was originally bred to herd cattle and other livestock. As such, they have a strong herding instinct and need to be given an outlet for this behavior. If you do not provide your Bernese Shepherd Dog with an outlet for their herding instinct, they may become frustrated and start herding people or other dogs instead. One way to provide an outlet for their herding instinct is to enroll them in a herding class or participate in other activities that allow them to use their natural herding ability. The Bernese Shepherd Dog is also a very intelligent breed and is easily bored if not given enough mental stimulation. For this reason, it is important to provide your Bernese Shepherd Dog with plenty of opportunity to learn new things. One way to do this is to enroll them in obedience training or participate in other activities that challenge their minds, such as agility or nosework. This mixed breed can become a much larger problem without proper training. If you want to avoid any behavioral issues, it is important to start training your Bernese Shepherd Dog as early as possible. Puppy classes are a great way to socialize your puppy and get them used to being around other people and dogs. They will also learn basic obedience commands such as sit, stay, come, and down. It is important to continue socialization throughout their life as the Bernese Shepherd Dog is a working breed and needs to be comfortable around people and other animals. They may become aggressive towards other dogs or people if not properly socialized and trained. It is important to start training and socialization early to avoid any potential aggression issues. If you notice any signs of aggression, it is important to seek professional help from a certified dog trainer or behaviorist. This high-energy breed requires significant daily activity to stay healthy and happy. A long walk or vigorous game of fetch each day will meet the exercise needs of most Bernese Shepherd dogs. This breed does best in a home with a fenced yard where they can run and play. Daily trips to a nearby park or dog-friendly area are a must if you live in an apartment or do not have a fenced yard. Be sure to bring plenty of water for your pup to avoid heat stroke, as the Bernese Shepherd does not do well in warm weather. Bernese Shepherd dogs are also working dogs and love to have a job to do. If you can give your dog a task to focus on, such as agility training or obedience work, they will be all the happier for it. This breed is intelligent and eager to please, so they excel in any type of training you put them through. This breed is intelligent and loves to learn, so they excel in obedience training and other types of dog sports. Brain-teasing toys, such as Kongs stuffed with treats, are a great way to keep your dog occupied. You can also teach your dog simple tricks or create an obstacle course in your backyard for them to play in. Whatever you do, ensure you provide enough mental stimulation for your Bernese Shepherd. A bored dog is more likely to become destructive or develop other behavioral problems. This long-haired dog sheds heavily, so regular brushing is a must. Weekly brushing will help to reduce the amount of hair your dog sheds and keep their coat healthy and shiny. In addition to regular brushing, the Bernese Shepherd also needs to be bathed every few weeks. Use a mild dog shampoo to avoid drying out their skin and always make sure to rinse thoroughly. After bathing, it is important to thoroughly dry your Bernese Shepherd. This breed is prone to joint problems and arthritis, so wet hair can increase the risk of these conditions. Use a blow dryer on the low setting or towel dry your dog as much as possible before letting them air dry. Long nails can be uncomfortable for your dog and make it difficult for them to walk. If you are not comfortable doing this yourself, you can take your dog to a groomer or vet to have their nails trimmed. Their ears should also be checked regularly and cleaned if necessary to prevent infection. Bernese Mountain Dog German Shepherd Mix — Health Conditions The typical health conditions of the Bernese Shepherd are: Hip dysplasia: This is a condition in which the ball and socket of the hip do not fit together properly, causing pain and lameness. Elbow dysplasia: This is a condition in which the bones of the elbow do not fit together properly, causing pain and lameness. Progressive retinal atrophy PRA : This is a degenerative eye condition that eventually leads to blindness. Cataracts: This is a condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing vision problems. This breed should be fed two to three meals per day to prevent them from becoming overweight. As they are prone to obesity, it is important to avoid giving them too many treats. This breed loves food and will eat anything they can get their paws on, so it is up to the owner to be disciplined about giving them treats. They are particularly good with other Bernese Shepherds, as they share a similar history and temperament. This breed does well in social situations and is typically not aggressive towards other dogs. However, as with all breeds, early socialization is important to ensure that your Bernese Shepherd grows up to be a well-rounded dog. They are gentle and patient, two qualities that are important when dealing with children. This breed is also protective of their family and will do whatever they can to keep them safe. This makes them an excellent watchdog and a great family pet. This is nothing to be concerned about, as it is perfectly normal for this breed. Just be prepared to wipe up a little bit of drool from time to time. They will bark when they are excited or when someone is approaching their home, but they are not known for being excessive barkers. They are comfortable in warm and cold weather but prefer cooler temperatures. This breed does not do well in hot, humid conditions as they can quickly overheat. If you live in an area with hot summers, make sure to provide your Bernese Shepherd with plenty of shade and water to keep them cool. This is on the shorter side for dog breeds, but it is about average for working dogs. This breed is prone to some health issues that can shorten its lifespan, so it is important to keep an eye out for any signs of illness. Your Bernese Shepherd can enjoy a long and healthy life with proper care and nutrition. If you are interested in showing your Bernese Shepherd, you will need to find a local kennel club or dog show to enter. This breed is still relatively rare, so you may have to travel some distance. This is a fairly wide range, so it is important to do your research before buying a puppy. Try to find a reputable breeder who charges a fair price for their puppies. Avoid purchasing a Bernese Shepherd from a pet store, as these puppies often come from puppy mills. These dogs make great companions and are known for their gentle personalities. Training recommendations Integrating into a family If you are considering a Bernese Shepherd, this informative video will provide lots of helpful information and give you a visual image of what your dog might look like. Check it out. What to Expect with a Bernese Shepherd While this mix is still considered a designer breed and does not have enough consistency yet to nail down all its attributes, there is enough of a common thread to give you some idea of what to expect. Because he has two parents with a strong work ethic and a love for pleasing their masters, you will most likely get an excellent guard dog. The Shepherd side will hopefully be tempered by the more fun-loving Bernese. This mix will be aware of strangers, but probably more welcoming. Temperament Your Bernese Shepherd will be a dog with a great work ethic. If you are looking for an active working dog, this mix will be great at herding livestock or protecting an estate. He will feel most valued by contributing to a home or family. This will be the type of dog to reciprocate his feelings so be prepared for expectations of your undivided attention and lots of kisses and snuggles. This dog will be vigilant of strangers and will check everyone out. He will bark at strangers and give them a good sniff. If there is no danger, you will see the wariness give way and he will happily be the recipient of belly scratches and a game of fetch. If there is any danger presented, this will be a dog that will spring into action as a guard dog. He will not hesitate to do his job and protect his family. Separation Anxiety Since this dog is so sociable and takes his job of protecting his family very seriously, it is a dog that will not do well when left alone for long periods of time. This will mostly be due to the fact that he will be worried sick about his family. He will miss you. The issue with separation partnered with anxiety may turn into negative behavior such as the destruction of property or nervousness. Having a crate or a safe space while you are away for short periods of time is a strong recommendation. Bernese Shepherds will likely combine their social attributes with intense affection. This can create a canine goofball. If you check out the antics of both breeds on YouTube and Instagram, you will easily see how the combination of traits will create an adorable, funny, and crazy combination. He will provide hours of entertainment as long as he is able to express his need for a job. This is another example of the temperament balance both breeds bring to the mix. Appearance and Size Bred from two big dogs, the Bernese Shepherd will be a large dog. They will reach between 23 and 28 inches tall at the shoulder. Their weight will reach between 75 and pounds. Females will typically be smaller than males. Depending on which parent he or she takes after will determine the end of the size spectrum they will reach. Since this is still a breed in development, there will be no guarantee as to which parent your mix will favor. In most cases, there will be a fairly even mix of the two breeds. He will look slightly more refined than the Bernese Mountain Dog but will be cuddlier and fluffier than a German Shepherd. The ears will usually stand up straight when alert or excited. The nose will most likely be square and fleshy, and the eyes will be large, dark, and round. Sometimes the Bernese Shepherd is mistaken for a Rottweiler because of the similarities in size and coloring. Color and Coat What is fairly certain about the Bernese Shepherd mix is that you will have a large, fluffy dog. Since both parents have thick coats with medium to long hair, your puppy will probably have the same. The undercoat will most likely be very dense and the outer coat will most likely be straight. There is no way to predict which colors your dog will inherit. Almost all Bernese dogs are black with tan and white markings, and the Shepherd is black and tan with typical markings. There are other colors in the Shepherd breed that may make their way into the mix. If you are looking for a particular color or marking, you should speak to the breeder once the puppies are born to see if your desired color trait has emerged in one of the puppies. Just a warning, they will all be adorable. Make sure the breeder has all the proper certificates to certify they are a reputable breeder. It is rare that you will find this mix as a puppy in a rescue shelter. If you do find one at a rescue shelter, consider yourself very lucky! When integrating your puppy or new dog into your family, here are a few tips to keep in mind to keep your dog healthy and happy. This will be a large dog who needs a big yard and lots of room. Have access to a large yard or nearby park. This dog will need about 60 minutes of exercise daily. This dog will do best with an active family. This is a breed that loves to cuddle and loves his family. He will be suspicious of strangers but will warm up quickly. Be sure you have a camera ready, this dog will most likely be a goofball. This is a strong dog with a pulling background; leash and train with a harness. This will be a fluffy dog so be prepared for grooming and hair around the house. A well-socialized dog will be fine with other pets and children. This is not a dog for those who like to sit on the couch, or for those with small living quarters. Be prepared for a dog that wants to have a job. He will love to travel, be an exercise partner, or even work on a farm or ranch. You will never worry about protection, but you will have a dog that quickly warms up to those that earn his trust. If you want a dog that protects, has a fun and loving personality but takes a bit more care for grooming and exercise, the Bernese Shepherd may be the dog for you. He will tip the scales of adorableness but also require your time, attention, and a membership to a bulk food store for the large bags of dog food you will need. Take your time and research your decision. If you decide this dog is perfect for your family, you will not be disappointed. The Berner and German Shepherd breeds were founded for very different historical reasons, and they have different looks and temperaments too. Their mixed breed puppies can be very variable and surprising! To understand what this mixed breed is all about, we can look at its better-known purebred parents. He wanted to create the ideal herding dog, so he bred herders from across northern and central Germany until he had successfully produced the first German Shepherd Dogs. Over the years, the demand for herding dogs has all but disappeared, but the authoritative GSD has proven itself to be the ideal worker in another area as well: law enforcement and military. Bernese Mountain Dog History These dogs have a long history of working on farms in the agricultural region of Bern, Switzerland. There they were used as cattle drivers, guard dogs, and — most notably — drafting dogs who could pull loads many times their own weight. Just as the GSD was coming into existence in the late s, the Bernese Mountain Dog went through a precipitous decline in both quality and numbers. Thankfully, a Swiss breed club took an interest in the dogs and successfully reestablished the breed. In , the first Bernese Mountain Dogs came to the United States, where they quickly became very popular as both farm dogs and as loyal companions. Bernese Mountain German Shepherd Mix History Because it is a mixed breed dog, there is no well-documented origin story to share about the Bernese Mountain German Shepherd mix, but the motivations behind creating new designer mixes are usually similar. Mixing two purebreds together tends to decrease the likelihood of some health issues. Also, mixed breed dogs will have some combination of the traits of both parent breeds. But with a mix, there are no guarantees! Some of the earliest canine movie stars were German Shepherd Dogs. Bernese Mountain Dogs are popular celebrity companions and can be found at the side of A-listers like Hillary Duff and Chelsea Handler. As a result, a mix of these two breeds can be expected to be quite large, with males standing between 25 and 28 inches tall at the withers and females slightly shorter at 23 to 26 inches. There is a large weight range with this mix, depending on whether the pup inherited more of the herding or the drafting body type. Males can range from 80 to pounds, while females will weigh 75 to 90 pounds. Their bodies tend to be very proportional, with a long muzzle and ears that may be erect like a GSD or floppy like a Bernese. They have thick, medium-length coats that vary in color but tend to resemble the Bernese more closely. That means black, tan, and cream colors are most common, with white often seen on the chest or face. Bernese Mountain German Shepherd Mix Temperament Both breeds are loyal family members who tend to be good with children. Since both parent breeds were originally farm workers, the Bernese Mountain German Shepherd mix can be expected to be very energetic and keen to be put to work around the home. Aggression These dogs will be very friendly and loving with their families. However, there is a chance that they could act aggressively toward strangers or other dogs. According to a study of breed differences in aggression , the German Shepherd ranks among the highest in both inter-dog and stranger aggression. The Bernese, on the other hand, is among the least aggressive breeds. So it will be important to socialize the Bernese Mountain German Shepherd mix well. Give it plenty of exercise, and focus on early training. This dog needs confidence to be the trustworthy and faithful companion you want. Training Your Bernese Mountain German Shepherd Mix One of the best features of this mixed breed pup is that it tends to inherit some of the calmness of its Bernese parent while boasting the brains of the Shepherd. That means your puppy will be keen to pick up new skills and is likely to potty train and crate train more easily than less motivated dogs. It would be wise to start young and train it like a purebred German Shepherd Dog. Socializing Socialization is extremely important for these dogs. To get the most out of training sessions, exercise your Bernese Mountain German Shepherd mix heavily before you start. This will allow your pup to focus on learning. These would include hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia, conditions where the hip or elbow joints do not form properly. While the prevalence of these conditions is declining , affected animals can develop mobility problems, pain, and early-onset arthritis. Both of these breeds are also prone to gastric dilation and volvulus bloat , a life-threatening condition that requires emergency surgery to replace and decompress a twisted stomach. German Shepherd Dog Health Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, a condition causing malabsorption of nutrients Bleeding disorders such as von Willebrand disease and hemophilia A Eye issues such as cataracts and retinal degeneration Skin issues including pyoderma bacterial skin infection and atopic allergic dermatitis Cauda equina syndrome, which compresses the end of the spinal cord, causing progressive weakness and paralysis. Bernese Mountain Dog Health Large breed dogs tend to have higher rates of cancer at a relatively young age, and this is especially true for the Bernese. They are prone to several cancers , most notably histiocytic sarcoma , a devastating disease that usually affects middle-aged and older dogs. Other health issues affecting the Bernese Mountain Dog include: Eye issues such as progressive retinal atrophy and cataracts Atopic dermatitis Cranial cruciate ligament CCL disease Other cancers such as lymphoma and mast cell tumors. A complete eye exam of both parents by a veterinary ophthalmologist is also recommended. There are also genetic tests available for these breeds, including a screening test for histiocytic sarcoma. Find the longest living dog breeds in this article! Grooming and Feeding the Bernese Mountain German Shepherd Mix These thick-coated dogs will need daily brushing, especially during the warmer months when they shed more heavily. Keeping their ears clean is key, so use a gentle cleanser to remove debris as needed. Bear in mind that these large, active dogs will eat a lot of food, but exactly how much depends on the food you buy. Ask your veterinarian how many calories your dog should eat in a day to stay healthy. Avoid boutique, exotic, and grain-free diets, as veterinarians have found links between these diets and dilated cardiomyopathy. Based on its parent breeds, this mix can be expected to be good with children and might suit a family with a very active lifestyle. Most families will find it difficult to give this dog the time and attention it needs to be happy, healthy, and well-adjusted, though. They can help you find a dog in need of a home in your area. While mixed breed dogs are growing in popularity, reputable breeders may still be hard to find. Ask potential breeders lots of questions, especially about temperament and health. Good breeders will have health certifications for the parents and will be very familiar with the traits of their pups.

References 1. Clinical and pathological effects An understanding of the anatomy of the normal spine of the dog is useful in understanding this condition. Figure 1. The regions of the spine. The spine or spinal column of dogs is made up of many bones, called vertebrae and it is divided into 5 different regions. There are 7 bones in the neck cervical region, 13 in the chest thoracic region, 7 in the lower back lumbar region and 3 fused together to form the sacrum at the hips. Lastly, there are the tail coccygeal bones, and their number varies. In English bulldogs and other screw-tailed dogs there are relatively few coccygeal vertebrae. Vertebrae are numbered according to region of the spine, starting from the head and working towards the tail. Thus the first cervical vertebra is called C1, the second C2 and the first thoracic vertebra is T1 etc. Intervertebral discs are found between the vertebral bodies. The body of each vertebra is positioned ventrally towards the lower side. Dorsal towards the back of the dog to the vertebral body each vertebra forms a hollow tube of bone, called the vertebral canal. Through this tube created by the column of vertebral canals the spinal cord passes, connecting the base of the brain with peripheral nerves. This tube of bone protects the spinal cord. The spinal cord is made up of delicate nerve tissue which transmits the messages between the brain and other parts of the body excluding the head. Figure 2. Diagram showing the shape of normally-formed vertebrae in the spinal column and how the spinal cord runs through them. Each vertebral body develops in the foetus from two separate parts which fuse together and then ossify turn to bone. Hemivertebrae occur when this fusing process fails to happen correctly so that the vertebral body of one or more vertebra is malformed and wedge-shaped LeCouteur and Child .Often the fusion or ossification is asymmetrical Jeffery et al .The malformations vary, with the apex of the wedge pointing dorsally, ventrally or medially towards the middle of the animal across the midline LeCouteur and Child .These abnormally-shaped vertebrae often lead to alterations and deformities in the shape of the spine such as kyphosis curving upwards of the central spine , scoliosis deviation to the side in the central spine or lordosis curving downwards in the central spine LeCouteur and Child .This angulation of the spine is often moderate to severe and can lead to displacement of the vertebrae LeCouteur and Grandy .The deformity or instability in the spinal column can then narrow the vertebral canal, compressing and damaging the spinal cord, and this can lead to serious clinical signs LeCouteur and Child .This spinal deformity and the consequential clinical signs often progresses as the dog grows or, sometimes, happen secondary to mild trauma because of the spinal column instability LeCouteur and Grandy .Figure 3. Abnormal development of vertebral bodies results in formation of hemivertebrae. Unlike the normal shape of vertebrae shown in Figure 2, in which the opposing faces of adjacent vertebrae are at right angles to the line of the spine, wedge shaped vertebrae as shown here can lead to distortion of the spine with health and welfare effects. Figure 4. Radiograph of a hemivertebra in the thoracic region of a Pug. The wedge shaped vertebra has caused lordosis of the spine, which in turn can cause compression and damage to the spinal cord. Image property of Helen McDonald, to whom we are grateful for permission to reproduce it here. Hemivertebrae can occur in any breed but are most common in brachycephalic, screw-tailed dogs such as English bulldogs also Pugs, French bulldogs and Boston terriers. This is because the kinked tails that many find desirable in these breeds result from hemivertebrae in the tail region of the spine and these breeds have genes that tend to cause the formation of hemivertebrae elsewhere in the spinal column as well as in the tail LeCouteur and Grandy .The commonest region of the spine to be affected by hemivertebrae, in brachycephalic screw-tailed dogs such as the English bulldog is the chest the thoracic area LeCouteur and Child .Figure 5. Hemivertebrae is the cause of kinked or screw tails in some breeds of dog, such as the Boston Terrier and Pug shown here. This condition makes them prone to developing hemivertebrae elsewhere in the spinal column also. Image sourced from Wikipedia at www. Hemivertebral abnormalities commonly occur without clinical sign of disease Done et al .However, if the spinal cord becomes damaged or compressed signs appear. Signs include posterior paresis abnormal functioning of the hindlimbs , muscle wastage, an abnormal shape to the back and back pain. If the problem is severe then the dogs can lose all use of their hind legs and can have urinary and faecal incontinence inability to control passing urine or faeces. Signs can be gradual or rapid in onset and sometimes are progressive Colter .In a number of cases, however, signs may be mild and non-progressive and stabilise once the dog has stopped growing at about 9 months of age Jeffery et al , though the deformity will remain. In these cases no treatment may be necessary. Skin infections and other skin problems can occur in skin folds if the tail is very tightly coiled. In severely affected individuals the only hope is major surgery of the spine to attempt stabilisation and to stop the spinal cord being compressed. This is not straightforward, needs specialist veterinary treatment and may not always be successful. Some dogs which are completely paralysed in their hind legs may not recover use of them after surgery. Paralysed dogs have long-term care needs which many owners find difficult and some dogs will be euthanized because of this. It is an ethical dilemma whether these permanently paralysed dogs should be euthanized or if their quality of life may be sufficient to justify supported living with paralysis and incontinence. Return to top 2. Intensity of welfare impact Some dogs with hemivertebrae suffer no apparent ill effects however others have major welfare problems such as pain, loss of function of the hindlimbs and incontinence. Pain from spinal cord compression can be significant and severe and difficult to control using drugs. Along with pain, the spinal cord damage in severely affected individuals leads to the need for rapid veterinary treatments including major surgery. Some animals may not recover and may need to be euthanized. Return to top 3. Duration of welfare impact The condition usually first manifests in young growing dogs and worsens as growth proceeds. In a case study by Jeffery et al , all three dogs described were less than 7 months of age. Though some may be mildly affected, all affected animals will have permanent deformity unless surgical intervention is used. The disease problems can develop rapidly over hours or more gradually. Though some dogs with hemivertebrae do not develop signs, others develop severe problems which will not improve unless surgical intervention occurs. Some dogs with severe signs may not improve after surgery and may need to be euthanized. Return to top 4. Number of animals affected The numbers affected are not known, but it is considered a common problem in English bulldogs and other brachycephalic short-nosed breeds that have screw-tails, as the deformity is connected to the screw-tail phenotype physical shape which is a breed characteristic. From data on estimates of total dog population in the UK and on the percentage of all micro-chip registered dogs that are English bulldogs Lucy Asher, , personal communication , we estimate that the UK population size of this breed may be around 50, Return to top 5. English bulldogs are considered to be predisposed to hemivertebrae because of the breed having a screw-tail Jeffery et al .The condition may be suspected in any English bulldog with spinal deformity or with the characteristic clinical signs because it is commonly seen within the breed. A diagnosis can be made using plain and contrast radiography x-rays, with or without dye, which shows up on the x-ray being injected around the spinal cord , however, Jeffery et al believe MRI magnetic resonance imaging scans are needed prior to surgery to help decide on exact surgical requirements. The presence of hemivertebrae seen on x-rays may also be a confusing finding. Older English bulldogs may have spinal disease from other causes and detection of hemivertebrae may make diagnosis of the real cause difficult. Return to top 6. Return to top 7. How do you know if an animal is a carrier or likely to become affected? All English bulldogs are potentially prone to the problem because the breed has a screw-tail. Without x-ray images of the spine, definite absence of hemivertebrae cannot be confirmed. However, a mature animal without signs has a lower chance of developing clinical problems than a puppy which has yet to undergo its period of significant growth. Currently no advice can be given on how to ensure a healthy individual, free from the condition, is not a carrier. This may become clearer when the genetics of the condition are better understood. Return to top 8. Methods and prospects for elimination of the problem Not known, though whilst the breed standard includes a screw-tail the condition seems likely to persist. It seems likely, since the screw tail is caused by hemivertebrae in the tail, that out-breeding to dogs with straight tails, then selection for a straight tail might be a way forward to eliminate this welfare problem. Return to top 9. Return to top .References Colter S Congenital anomalies of the spine. New research from the Royal Veterinary College RVC has revealed that English Bulldogs in the UK have lower health overall and are more likely to suffer from certain health conditions, particularly those related to being flat-faced, than other dogs. As such, the breed remains compromised by major health issues that have been recognised in Bulldogs for more than a century. The findings indicate that urgent action is required to reduce the high rate of health issues related to extreme body shape currently seen in English Bulldogs if the future of the breed is to be protected. It is hoped that the results of this research will discourage breeding and purchasing of animals with extreme conformations and instead promote a shift towards acceptance by the public of more moderate conformation with improved natural innate health. The English Bulldog has risen sharply in popularity in the UK over the past decade. However, its distinctive and exaggerated short muzzle, protruding lower jaw and stocky body shape has been linked with several serious health and welfare issues, including breathing problems, skin and ear diseases and eye disorders. Overall, English Bulldogs were found to be more than twice as likely to have one or more disorders in a single year than other dogs. A list of the 43 most common disorders found across both groups of dogs was compiled with English Bulldogs identified to be at a higher risk of suffering from 24 out of the 43 .This demonstrates a much higher risk of health issues in English Bulldogs than in other dogs. Other key findings included: The average age of English Bulldogs assessed in the study 2. Only 9. Top disorders with highest risk in English Bulldog included: skin fold dermatitis x.The disorders with the lowest risk in English Bulldogs included: retained baby teeth x0. Despite substantial recent efforts by members of the UK Brachycephalic Working Group BWG to discourage extreme exaggerations, these new findings suggest further progress is needed to reduce the high rate of health issues in the overall UK population of English Bulldogs. This new VetCompass evidence supports widespread calls to the public to follow the example of progressive breeders, and to support moving the English Bulldog away from its current extreme body shape. In the future, the English Bulldog should become recognised and loved for having a longer face, smaller head and non-wrinkled skin, representing a more moderate and healthier conformation. Owners who already have an English Bulldog are encouraged to monitor them carefully for breed-related health issues such as eye problems, difficulty breathing and skin fold infections, and to seek veterinary advice early if worried. For breeds such as English Bulldogs where many dogs still have extreme conformations with poor innate health, the public have a huge role to play by demanding dogs with moderate and healthier conformations. This new research provides strong evidence that modern Bulldogs remain troubled by many diseases linked to their body shapes, most of which have been recognised for more than a century. It confirms the need to follow the example of more responsible breeders who prioritise health in breeding decisions to improve the welfare of this popular and iconic breed in the future. A collaborative approach to tackling these issues is crucial; we must continue to work together with breeders, vets and welfare organisations to reduce and ultimately eliminate the health problems faced by brachycephalic breeds, as well as reduce mass demand for these dogs. We acknowledge that there is a large percentage of breeders that do not breed to the standard or use the Bulldog Breed Council Health Scheme. Our aim is to educate the public, with the help of The Kennel Club, to research thoroughly and buy only from the conscientious breeders that use the tools available to encourage the breeding of healthy dogs. The RVC offers undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in veterinary medicine, veterinary nursing and biological sciences. The RVC provides animal owners and the veterinary profession with access to expert veterinary care and advice through its teaching hospitals and first opinion practices in London and Hertfordshire. Abstract Background The English Bulldog has risen sharply in popularity over the past decade but its distinctive and extreme conformation is linked to several serious health conditions. Using multivariable analysis of anonymised veterinary clinical data from the VetCompass Programme, this study compared the odds of common disorders between English Bulldogs and all remaining dogs in the UK during .Results From , dogs under veterinary care during , the analysis included a random sample of 2, English Bulldogs and 22, dogs that are not English Bulldogs. English Bulldogs had 2. These included: skin fold dermatitis odds ratio [OR] .These included: retained deciduous tooth OR 0. These included: congenital disorder OR 7. These were: dental disorder OR 0. Conclusions These results suggest that the health of English Bulldogs is substantially lower than dogs that are not English Bulldogs and that many predispositions in the breed are driven by the extreme conformation of these dogs. Consequently, immediate redefinition of the breed towards a moderate conformation is strongly advocated to avoid the UK joining the growing list of countries where breeding of English Bulldogs is banned. However, its distinctive and extreme conformation has raised concerns because many of these physical features render the breed prone to serious health conditions. There are increasing international efforts to either reform the breed towards a more moderate conformation or, in the absence of such change, to ban the breeding of these dogs on welfare grounds. This VetCompass study explored random samples of anonymised veterinary clinical records from 2, English Bulldogs and 22, dogs that are not English Bulldogs from an overall population of , dogs under veterinary care during in the UK to identify all health disorders recorded for each dog during .The most common disorders in each group were identified and the risks for the most common disorders overall was compared between the English Bulldogs and dogs that are not English Bulldogs. English Bulldogs were younger 2. The results of this study suggest that the overall health of the English Bulldog is much lower than dogs that are not English Bulldogs. Many of the disorder predispositions reported in this study are intrinsically related to the extreme conformation of English Bulldogs. Redefining the body-shape of the breed away from its current extreme conformation and towards a moderate conformation is advocated for urgent action to avoid the UK joining the growing list of countries where breeding of English Bulldogs is banned. Background The English Bulldog was originally a muscular and athletic animal bred and used to attack bulls for sport, broadly similar in conformation to the modern Staffordshire Bull Terrier [ 1 ]. After this activity was banned in , the Bulldog breed became associated with the Victorian underworld, but was repurposed as a show dog at the end of the nineteenth century. Dog showing was a fashionable pastime at that time and was largely regulated by The Kennel Club from onwards [ 2 ]. Consequently, during the s, the combined influences of the breed standard and show-ring fashion drove a dramatic physical transformation of the Bulldog. This refashioned Bulldog had more exaggerated conformation than its ancestors — in particular, a shorter face with a protruding underjaw, heavier build and bowed forelegs [ 3 ]. Because this physical transformation was both dramatic and rapid, it triggered considerable controversy among breeders at that time [ 3 ]. They described many disorders then that are still reported as common problems in modern English Bulldogs, such as short lifespans, heat and exercise intolerance, dystocia, skin disease and noisy breathing [ 6 ]. While these historical accounts are inevitably subjective, lack quantitative data and are largely grounded in superseded understandings of pathology, they nevertheless demonstrate that, over a century ago, the English Bulldog was already showing a variety of health problems that correlate with those still reported in the breed today, and that, even then, Bulldogs were widely considered less robust than many other breeds [ 7 ]. Moreover, they also reveal that the fashion for extreme English Bulldog conformation has persisted for over a century despite widespread awareness of the linked health issues [ 8 ]. Because of the preexisting significance of the breed as a nationalistic icon, the new body shape of the English Bulldog was widely depicted in patriotic imagery from onwards, and became firmly established in popular culture thereafter [ 3 , 9 ]. Indeed, brachycephalic breeds, including the English Bulldog, are currently experiencing a surge in popularity, paradoxically despite increasing evidence and awareness of serious health problems linked to their physical appearance, such as respiratory compromise [ 12 , 14 ], spinal defects [ 15 ], dystocia [ 11 ], ocular disorders [ 13 , 16 , 17 ] and skin disease [ 18 ]. As small animal practice gained political influence during the s, leaders of the newly-formed British Small Animal Veterinary Association BSAVA undertook a pioneering survey of breed-related disease in pedigree dogs, which provides some limited quantitative data on Bulldog health at that time [ 20 ]. In , English Bulldogs were the 34th most numerous breed registered by the Kennel Club, comprising 0. Despite the methodological limitations of this early survey, it provides strong evidence that, sixty years ago, English Bulldogs were disproportionately affected by several conformation-related diseases, which, like those that were already being mentioned half a century earlier, broadly mirror those still reported as common in the breed today [ 6 ]. Using anonymised clinical data from primary care veterinary clinics in the UK, the VetCompass Programme [ 24 ] has previously reported high levels of skin and ear disease, ophthalmological disorders and respiratory issues in English Bulldogs [ 10 ]. Although previous research, historical evidence and anecdotal experience all support a general conclusion that English Bulldogs suffer extremely high levels of conformation-related disease, there remains a need to provide reliable supporting evidence to quantify this conclusion. Growing concerns about the welfare of dogs with severely brachycephalic conformation promoted the formation of the Brachycephalic Working Group in the UK in , followed by the International Collaborative for Extreme Conformations in Dogs in [ 27 , 28 ]. Legislative action has also been taken in countries such as the Netherlands where breeding of 12 brachycephalic dog breeds was banned in [ 29 , 30 ] and Norway where breeding of English Bulldogs was banned in [ 31 ]. Using anonymised veterinary clinical data from the VetCompass Programme [ 24 ], this study aimed to report the most commonly recorded disorders in English Bulldogs and to compare the odds of common disorders between English Bulldogs and all remaining dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK during after accounting for major confounding variables. Based on prior evidence of frequent health issues in the breed [ 10 ], the study hypothesised English Bulldogs would show more predispositions than protections among common disorders overall. The study also hypothesized that the disorders with the highest levels of predisposition in English Bulldogs are closely linked to the extreme conformation that defines the English Bulldog breed [ 8 ]. These results could assist breeders, veterinary practitioners and owners with a robust evidence base on the health of the wider general population of English Bulldogs to predict, prevent and manage key health and welfare opportunities for the breed. Methods The study population included all available dogs under primary veterinary care at clinics participating in the VetCompass Programme during .Dogs under veterinary care were defined as those with either a at least one electronic patient record EPR free-text clinical note, treatment or bodyweight recorded during or b at least one EPR recorded during both and .VetCompass collates anonymised EPR data from primary-care veterinary practices in the UK for epidemiological research [ 24 ]. Data fields available to VetCompass researchers include a unique animal identifier along with species, breed, date of birth, sex, neuter status, insurance status and bodyweight, and also clinical information from free-form text clinical notes, summary diagnosis terms [ 32 ] and treatment with relevant dates. A cross-sectional study design was used to estimate and compare the one-year period prevalence of the most commonly diagnosed disorders in a random sample of English Bulldogs and a random sample of all other dogs. Breed information entered by the participating practices was cleaned and mapped to a VetCompass breed list derived and extended from the VeNom Coding breed list [ 32 ]. Dogs recorded as English Bulldog were categorised as English Bulldog and dogs recorded with any other breed term were categorised as dogs that are not English Bulldogs. Neuter status was defined by the final available EPR neuter value and was combined with sex female entire, female neutered, male entire, male neutered. Adult bodyweight was defined as the mean of all bodyweight kg values recorded for each dog after reaching 18 months old. Mean adult bodyweight was reported overall and broken down by sex for all breeds with adult bodyweight available for at least dogs. Veterinary group attended was categorised as 1—5, based on the 5 practice groups involved in the study. Veterinary group describes aggregations of individual veterinary practices within consolidated larger consortia and were included in the current analysis to account for confounding effects that might have arisen from the owners' choice of individual practice to attend. The veterinary groups included in the current study were assigned a code during analysis to ensure anonymity and included practices that were distributed throughout the UK. Insurance status was categorised as insured or not insured as recorded by the final available EPR. The list of unique animal identification numbers for all dogs under veterinary care in was randomly ordered and the clinical records of a randomly selected subset of animals were reviewed manually in detail to extract the most definitive diagnoses recorded for all disorders that existed during [ 34 ]. Elective e. No distinction was made between pre-existing and incident disorder presentations. Disorders described within the clinical notes using presenting sign terms e. The extracted diagnosis terms were mapped to a dual hierarchy of diagnostic precision for analysis: specific-level precision and grouped-level precision as previously described [ 34 ]. Briefly, specific-level precision terms described the original extracted terms at the maximal diagnostic precision recorded within the clinical notes e. Grouped-level precision terms mapped the original diagnosis terms to a general level of diagnostic precision e. The sex-neuter status, age, adult bodyweight and insurance status for English Bulldogs and dogs that are not English Bulldogs under veterinary care during were described. One-year period prevalence values were reported separately for English Bulldogs and dogs that are not English Bulldogs to describe the probability of diagnosis at least once during .The final combined list of common disorders included the 30 most common disorders in English Bulldogs and the 30 most common disorders in dogs that are not English Bulldogs. Categorical data were summarized with number percent and continuous variables were summarised using median, interquartile range IQR and range. Multivariable modelling using binary logistic regression was used to report the odds of each disorder in English Bulldogs compared with dogs that are not English Bulldogs. A separate model was created for each specific-level and grouped-level disorder. Information theory was applied to generate a list of confounding variables that was consistently included alongside the breed variable in each model [ 36 , 37 ]. Confounding describes the mixing together of the effects from two or more variables on an outcome such as disorder occurrence [ 38 ]. Breed was an a priori variable of interest and was therefore included in all models. Results The study population of , dogs under veterinary care during in the UK included 8, English Bulldogs 0. Data completeness were breed .Descriptive results were reported on 2, English Bulldogs and 22, dogs that are not English Bulldogs Table 1. The median age of English Bulldogs 2. The median adult bodyweight of English Bulldogs .Consequently, understanding the development of conformation-related disease within the breed, and accurately documenting the disease burden and predispositions within the current breed population [ 6 ] are key to assessing and, if possible, redressing some of the main health issues in English Bulldogs. This evidence supports calls for urgent action to redefine the English Bulldog away from its current extreme conformation and instead to move the breed rapidly towards a moderate conformation on welfare grounds. The results of the current study support the study hypothesis that English Bulldogs show more predispositions than protections among common disorders overall. In line with prior evidence of frequent health issues in the breed [ 10 ], these current results support the previous assessments of poor health in English Bulldog populations dating back over a hundred years. More recently, Kennel Club surveys of English Bulldog mortality in and respectively reported median and mean ages of death of just over six years [ 48 , 49 ]. Analysis of mortality data from primary-care veterinary clinical records reported a median longevity of 7. Supporting a shorter lifespan overall in English Bulldogs, the current study reports the median age of English Bulldogs surveyed in 2. This could be partly explained by a population that skews towards young animals because of a growing popularity of the breed, as seen in steadily increasing Kennel Club registration figures over the last decade [ 21 ] and reported in primary-care veterinary practice [ 50 ]. However, given that only 9. Likewise, the disease predispositions reported in the current study for English Bulldogs show striking parallels to those previously attributed to the breed. For example, the disorder with the highest predisposition in the current study of English Bulldogs in was skin fold dermatitis, which was also the most frequently reported disease for Bulldogs in the BSAVA survey [ 20 ]. Similarly, the predisposition of the English Bulldog to prolapsed nictitating membrane gland and to entropion was recognised by veterinary ophthalmologists in [ 51 ]; these conditions were respectively the second and seventh highest disease predispositions in the current study of English Bulldogs in .Mandibular prognathism was the third highest predisposition of English Bulldogs in .Thus, the leading predispositions for disease in English Bulldogs, as determined by the current analysis of data, broadly correspond to disorders that have been long associated with the breed. This provides strong evidence supporting the validity of previous qualitative assessments of breed-related disease in English Bulldogs, but also revives the perennial question of why, since these diseases have been repeatedly documented as impairing Bulldog health for over a century, the breed nevertheless remains so commonly affected by these problems. In assessing which predispositions and protections to disease particularly differentiate English Bulldogs from the remaining general canine population, it is helpful to focus particularly on ultra-predispositions by breed: i. At the specific disorder level of analysis, the English Bulldog population in the current study showed ultra-predispositions to nine recorded disorders. Of these, four concerned diseases of the skin skin fold dermatitis, interdigital cyst, demodicosis and pododermatitis. These various dermatological conditions were necessarily differentiated by the different descriptors used by the originating primary care clinicians. When processing the data, each disorder was recorded once to the greatest possible level of clinical precision. However, these descriptors will inevitably potentially refer to similar or overlapping pathologies, and the certainty of the clinical diagnoses will not necessarily have been equally rigorous or precise in all cases. Therefore, it may be more justified to consider these linked and overlapping conditions at the grouped-level of skin disorders, where .These findings confirm that English Bulldogs carry substantially increased risk of skin disease compared with other dogs. While not all skin disease is directly related to exaggerated conformation, skin fold dermatitis, which by definition only occurs in folded skin, was the specific-level disorder to which English Bulldogs were most predisposed and showed a dramatically increased odds ratio of .Three ophthalmic conditions featured among the nine ultra-predispositions in English Bulldogs at the specific level of disorder: prolapsed nictitating membrane gland, keratoconjunctivitis sicca and entropion. A predisposition of English Bulldogs to entropion in-turned eyelids has been reported for over a hundred years [ 51 ]. This finding was confirmed by the current study, where 3. Entropion, like skin fold dermatitis, is commonly seen in brachycephalic breeds and is generally attributed to the excess facial skin that results from a foreshortened facial structure; hence, it is usually considered a conformation related disease [ 55 , 56 ]. Both prolapsed nictitating membrane gland and keratoconjunctivitis sicca were also reported in the current study as ultra-predispositions in English Bulldogs. A diagnosis of prolapsed nictitating membrane gland was .Yet, despite the greatly elevated odds ratio of prolapsed nictitating membrane gland in English Bulldogs, the 5. It may also reflect under-recording of prolapsed nictitating membrane gland in primary care clinical records. Consequently, dogs might be treated for this condition before sale or without the knowledge of primary care practices, potentially resulting in under-recording or under-diagnosis of this disorder in this study. Moreover, although several aetiopathological pathways are proposed for keratoconjunctivitis sicca, one possible cause is following the surgical treatment of a prolapsed nictitating membrane gland, particularly if the tissue is excised rather than replaced because the nictitating membrane gland contains secretory cells that contribute to lacrimal production [ 58 , 59 ]. Therefore, the ultra-predisposition to keratoconjunctivitis sicca noted in the current study may also reflect previous sub-optimal surgical treatment of prolapsed nictitating membrane gland. Thus, the ultra-predisposition of English Bulldogs to these two disorders in this study may be causally linked; further investigation of this association would inform future recommendations for the treatment of prolapsed nictitating membrane gland. The predisposition of English Bulldogs to BOAS is well documented [ 14 , 60 ], and is of sufficient clinical concern that The Kennel Club and the University of Cambridge have jointly launched a Respiratory Function Grading Scheme to facilitate selective breeding away from this condition in English Bulldogs and other brachycephalic breeds [ 61 ]. In the current study, despite a striking odds ratio of .While it is possible that this reflects biological difference between surveyed populations in different studies, it is much more likely that this discrepancy is chiefly due to normalisation of the condition in primary care practice [ 63 ]. Mandibular prognathism constitutes a different type of ultra-predisposition in the English Bulldog population surveyed and raises the thorny question of why a conformation that would be considered a serious health issue in one dog breed can be actively selected as a desirable trait in another. Although mandibular prognathism was the third highest predisposition recorded in the current study, with .English Bulldogs showed predispositions for .In comparison, French Bulldogs showed predispositions for .These results provide strong evidence supporting substantially poorer overall health in English Bulldogs and French Bulldogs compared to Labrador Retrievers and Staffordshire Bull Terriers. Although dogs had long been divided into loosely-recognised types, the concept of clearly differentiated and strictly delineated breeds was an invention of the Victorian era [ 2 ]. In consequence, the modern breeds that we know today can be ranked along a spectrum from mild to extreme conformational exaggeration, ranging from canine-typical mild conformational exaggeration to canine-divergent severe conformational exaggeration [ 13 , 14 ]. The combined proportion of predispositions and protections to disease within a breed could be used as a measure of overall health divergence between that breed and the mainstream canine population. Using this measure, English Bulldogs showed health divergence from other dogs for .French Bulldogs showed a similarly high level of health divergence, differing in .In comparison, Labrador Retrievers differed from other dogs for .The two Bulldog breeds with extreme brachycephaly thus both showed notably higher predispositions to disease as well as more disease divergence from other dogs than either Labrador Retrievers or Staffordshire Bull Terriers, although predispositions were relatively higher among English Bulldogs and protections among French Bulldogs. In contrast, neither Labrador Retrievers nor Staffordshire Bull Terriers showed any ultra-predispositions to disease at all, with their highest predispositions being an odds ratio of 2. Overall, therefore, these measures of disease predispositions, divergences and ultra-predispositions seen in English Bulldogs reveal a worrying story of a breed with more disease predispositions than other dogs, which differs widely from other dogs in their patterns of disease and is characterised by several ultra-predispositions to disease. With many of these ultra-predispositions to disease in the English Bulldog being linked to their characteristic extreme physical features, these results broadly confirm an unchanging link between exaggerated conformation and disease first flagged as a concern over a century ago [ 3 ]. All breeds, by definition, are different in some ways from the average for the canine population and therefore are likely to show some breed predispositions to, and protections from, disease [ 6 , 8 ]. It is also surprising that a breed with a high prevalence of many other descriptors for skin disease has an apparent protection for pruritus: perhaps this descriptor was subsumed within other more clinically precise descriptors, such as dermatitis or atopic dermatitis, and hence appears artefactually low. It may be that the recorded protection for periodontal disease and dental disorder is linked to the normalisation phenomena described above, but this conclusion is speculative. Other apparent protections for heart murmur and lipoma may indicate true disease protections in the breed, which could be explored in future studies. Over recent years, The Kennel Club has made concerted efforts to alleviate drivers for extreme conformation from the show-ring. Moreover, The Kennel Club breed standard for the English Bulldog has undergone iterative revisions over recent decades, intended to modify its wording to encourage the selection of dogs towards less extreme conformation [ 8 ]. Given that only a third of UK dogs are estimated to be registered with The Kennel Club [ 21 ]; and that even among this registered subset only a very small proportion are specifically bred for the show-ring [ 75 ], the impact of these measures on the general population of English Bulldogs is likely to be minimal. Although show-ring practices have undoubtedly had a profound historical influence in determining the shape of the modern English Bulldog [ 3 ], and most dogs described as English Bulldogs today will ultimately be descended from dogs bred for the show-ring in the past, it is easy to overstate the current significance of the show world and Kennel Club breed standard among English Bulldog breeders. While breed standard modifications are to be welcomed, they directly drive change only in the show population, and even then only if judges abide by them [ 76 ]. The show Bulldog community argues that its enthusiasts now discourage ultra-extreme conformation and that judges are instructed not to award prizes to dogs with obvious physical compromise. Further research is needed to investigate the social factors and local subcultures that drive and differentiate these breeding priorities, and how best to encourage behavioural change in each group. The current study had some limitations in addition to those previously reported for the application of primary care veterinary data for canine research [ 39 , 77 ]. This study relied on the breed identifications recorded on veterinary practice databases. The English Bulldogs in the current study included dogs registered with The Kennel Club as well those that are not. The study dogs are therefore likely to show a range of conformations, ranging from ultra-extreme to relatively moderate, that are consistent with our current acceptance of what constitutes an English Bulldog. Disorder risk for English Bulldogs was compared against all remaining dogs that were not English Bulldogs. Given that .This may have led to a masking effect for disorders linked to the brachycephalic conformation in the current study and suggests that the true levels of predisposition to disorders linked to brachycephaly in the English Bulldog could be much higher than reported here. Future work could include prospective cohort studies that compare disorder predisposition between English Bulldogs with moderate conformation and English Bulldogs with extreme conformation to evaluate potential welfare gains from conformational change within the breed. Repeating the current study design at defined intervals could also monitor real-world changes in the health of the English Bulldog over time following efforts by UK national groups such as the Brachycephalic Working Group [ 27 ]. Conclusions In providing further evidence that English Bulldogs experience unusually high levels of disease and show multiple predispositions and ultra-predispositions to disease, much of which is intrinsically related to their conformation, this study broadly confirms long-standing assertions that the health and welfare of English Bulldog is heavily compromised. Yet, despite extensive evidence and wide dissemination of the health issues and their serious negative welfare impacts for these dogs, it seems that many prospective owners are still not discouraged from English Bulldog ownership [ 41 , 42 ]. Members Area Buying a Puppy First of all, before buying a puppy, research the breed thoroughly, there are lots of books published about owning bulldogs check out our library and there is a wealth of information on many individual websites. Be sure that the character and the lifestyle you lead matches up to owning a Bulldog, whose breed characteristics are a companion dog that thrives on human company, sleeping a lot is how most people view the breed but in reality a young Bulldog is every bit as active and boisterous as any breed of puppy. If left alone for long periods it can be destructive out of boredom! You'll find some good resources on our Publication page but also read the articles below. The best and recommended way is to look for the secretary of your local bulldog club on this site www. Enquire when their next shows are and go to see a show. There are two main types of show where you may meet some breeders. Open shows where the atmosphere is very informal, and Championship Shows where the dogs have serious winning potential and these are very competitive. Once there you can watch the dogs and speak to the many breeders around some of whom may be expecting a litter or have one at home. Expect to be quizzed as most caring breeders are very particular to which homes their puppies are sold. Read all you can about the breed and try to buy from someone who comes highly recommended. Reputable breeders do not have to advertise so you will not find them in the pages of the local newspaper or bargain pages, you will probably have to travel and you will probably have to wait. You are purchasing a member of your family, hopefully for the next 9 years [average] so a few months wait for the right dog will be worth it. See the puppy with its mother and its litter mates. Dog or Bitch? Things to consider before you choose: If you are thinking of showing your pet it is wise to start with a very good pedigree bitch as there are no guarantees with this breed that at 9 weeks a future show winner can be picked, a sound healthy bitch can be bred from in the future if she doesn't quite make it as a show dog. Bitches are not as impressive as dogs but if you purchase a dog and he doesn't make it in the show ring you can't move on from him without a further purchase. If, however, you want a pet, a dog can be the most faithful loving companion you could have. Bitches have seasons and this can be messy and if you have another male dog it can mean separating them for 3 weeks twice a year or spaying, this can be difficult. They carry on having seasons every 6 months for life. It is worth thinking carefully before you decide to buy a puppy. There should be no difference in the price of a dog or bitch unlike some other breeds which generally charge more for bitches. Breeding Terms Some breeders are selling bitches with breeding contracts, some of these may work out fine but if you agree to this there are proper legal forms from the Kennel Club where the terms and arrangements are laid out and signed for at the time of purchase. Do not enter into any verbal agreements not covered by these forms as in 15 months when the breeder will want you to breed your bitch you may have forgotten or disagree the terms. This can be a very stressful time and involve solicitors if you do not have the original agreement in writing. Many enemies are made in the dog world over this matter. Paperwork The pedigree is just the family tree; you need a Kennel Club registered document, make sure you see it. Ask if the puppy is being sold using a Breed Council Puppy Contract. Vet Check Take your new puppy to your own vet within 48 hours of purchasing it and have it health checked, inform the breeder immediately if there are any problems. It is advisable that your new puppy has already received its first vaccination before it leaves the breeder where it should have already been checked for general health. Join your local Bulldog Club you will receive independent help and advice if you run into problems and you will make new friends who share your love of this wonderful breed.Important Information When you buy a pedigree puppy you need and are entitled to be given the Kennel Club Registration Document by the seller which ensures the details of the puppies parents are verified at the Kennel Club. It is, at present, a green document with the Kennel Club insignia on it. As a pet it may not seem important but cross bred puppies are often sold as pedigree, which really is only the 'Family Tree' All pedigree breeds of dog have certain breed specific problems, responsible breeders are aware of these and will hopefully try to breed to minimise the problems by having their breeding stock checked by a veterinarian before breeding puppies. However with the best care possible sometimes things crop up from the ancestors so all we can do is our best with what we can see. The mother of the puppies and the ancestors will have a huge input too!! The utmost importance is the temperament of the mother and the general attitude of the puppy. Bulldog mums are very protective of their tiny defenceless puppies but by the time the puppies are ready to sell she should be outgoing and friendly towards you. A properly socialised puppy should, after first weighing you up, be approachable and keen to play and be petted by you. At this age if they are not sleeping or eating they are chewing, nipping in play, this is normal and can be quite boisterous, a toy or chew to bite should be offered in place of your hand or feet as this behaviour on skin has to be curbed. Bulldog puppies are usually sold at weeks of age. They should have received their first immunisation, been examined by a veterinarian and been micro chipped. The breeder should offer you a puppy contract on which should be detailed advice on feeding, worming and general problems in the breed. The pedigree family tree of the dog and its registration at the Kennel Club should be available for inspection. Characteristics to look for: Wide Open Nostrils, this will enable better breathing and reduce much of the noisy breathing bulldogs have bad press about. A small nose roll or a split one is preferable. Heavy nose rolls and folds all increase the risk of skin problems as bacteria grows in sweaty folds, big nose rolls look cute but can become infected, they requires daily care as the puppy becomes an adult. However even large nose rolls can reduce as the puppy grows. Watch the bulldog run in the garden. It should move freely and not be unduly breathless. This may produce problems later in life such as infection as it is difficult to clean under a tight tail. The ideal is a straight tail. Eye problems are quite common in the breed. Beware of the puppy that blinks a lot or has heavy tear stains at weeks although the staining may be aggravated by sweating. The construction of the puppy should be nicely balanced with a good neck length [for breathing] and a back of moderate length. As they approach 5 months of age, they should be showing some shape, active puppies become more muscular and less flabby which will be better for their health. Big framed bulldogs does not mean obese so weight guides are all in proportion to the skeleton of the dog in question, if the mother is large there is a possibility that the puppy will be of good size when full grown. Depending on why you are buying a dog should decide whether you buy a dog or bitch puppy. If you want to start showing, buy the best possible bitch with as good a pedigree as you can find. Study the bulldog standard and learn what the show ring requires. If you buy a promising dog and he does not turn out you must make another purchase whereas with a bitch you have the chance to breed something better. For a pet, one cannot beat the male bulldog. He will be more impressive to look at as the breed characteristics of males mean their heads are larger and they are extremely faithful loving and companionable. You need to see its official registration and have the dog signed over to you. His chipped and comes with a cage, bed, bowels n stand, lead, harness, training lead, toys, paw n wrinkle cream, jabs records. .Read More Olde English bulldogge Bromsgrove, Worcestershire B61 8SH Hi all so unfortunately we are having to rehome our beautiful girl we rehomed her ourselves due to not getting on with the owners other dogs we have now realised she is not good at all with younger ch.Read More Beautiful kc registered English bulldog puppies Weoley castle, West Midlands B29 5LA Beautiful English bulldog puppies looking for their forever homes We have 5 girls and 2 boy left they are fully health checked, microchipped, Flea and dewormed and had their first injection get second.Read More 10 week englsish bulldog Swanssa, Swansea DA2 6LL Beautiful chocolate and tan engliah bulldog her name is coco brought up in family home she has had first injection and has been microchipped we have kc paperwork and she uses puppy pads please only en.Read More English bulldog puppies Birmingham, West Midlands B98 9AE We are proud to announce our loverly bitch has gave birth to 7 outstanding puppies 5 boys and 2girls all outstanding puppies mum is our loving family pet and dad is a stud from a friend of mine both a.Fully vaccinated and microchipped, wormed and flead. Read More British bulldog puppies kc registered ready 13th may Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST6 8JU Stunning chunky British bulldog puppies ready for there forever loving homes 13th may Both mum and dad are fantastic family pets Puppies will be Kc registered Micro chipped Wormed to date and flea tre.Read More.

How long should puppies stay with their mother? The ideal window is between 8 and weeks-old. They are healthy and adorable, and you want to bring them home as soon as you possibly can. However, the time your puppy spends with their mother and siblings is critical for development, and so it's important to make sure they spend this growth period with their litter. The first month For the first four weeks or so, puppies depend on their mothers for everything. This milk provides all the nutrition the puppies need for the first few weeks after birth. Weaning to solid foods Puppies start to experiment with solid food as early as 3-weeks-old. They still nurse, and mothers continue to produce milk for up to 10 weeks. Some nursing is for nutrition, but it is also a comforting, bonding activity for the puppies. Most puppies are fully weaned to solid food between 7 and 10 weeks of age, although the transition can occur earlier. Learning to speak dog Just as important for puppy development is learning proper canine etiquette and communication as part of a litter. For example, as early as 3 weeks of age, puppies start learning from their mother and siblings to eliminate away from where they sleep, which helps with housebreaking later. The pups are practicing hunting and communication behaviors that they need to perfect. One of the most important skills that puppies learn through play is bite inhibition and not chomping down too hard. If a puppy bites too hard, the other will cry out, signaling that the bite was too rough. Moms will do the same thing or may gently correct the puppies for getting too rough. This is a critical lesson to learn before heading out into the world, as other dogs will be far less tolerant of inappropriate puppy play than Mom! Biting is also a common problem behavior that can land a dog in a shelter or worse later in life. Puppies will also practice a variety of vocalizations and body language, learning to communicate with their siblings and mother. Socialization Puppies have an early critical socialization period from approximately 5 to 14 weeks of age. During this time, puppies are open to learning and experiencing new things, and the things they learn will affect how they go through the rest of their lives. Breeders and other caretakers should be exposing the puppies to novel sights and sounds on a regular basis. Puppies destined to be working or sporting dogs should be exposed to things they will encounter in their future roles, such as sheep wool for herding dogs, a variety of materials and obstacles to climb over for agility dogs, and training scents for future drug and bomb detection dogs. These safe exposures should continue after you bring your puppy home, but early socialization with litter-mates and the mother are also important for building confidence. The puppies will observe how their mother responds to new people and things and then mimic her behavior. If Mom is relaxed and friendly around new people, the puppies will likely be comfortable with strangers. Research has found that puppies who are separated from the litter too early are more likely to show fear, aggression, anxiety, resource guarding, reactivity and inappropriate play biting than puppies who stay with the litter for at least eight weeks. The ideal time The exact time that is best for a puppy to go to its new home can vary by situation, but most breeders and veterinarians agree that 8 weeks of age is a good minimum. Some states have laws in place preventing puppies from being sold any earlier. Eight weeks after birth, the puppy is eating solid food on their own, they have benefited from socializing with litter-mates and observing mom, and they are well within the ideal timeframe to bond with new owners. Breeders may also opt to keep the puppies until 10 or 12 weeks of age. Toy breeds in particular are often kept with the litter until they are 12 weeks old because they are so small and fragile. This gives the pups extra time with the litter, and still has them going to their forever homes in plenty of time to form a strong bond with their new people. And anyone who has welcomed an adult dog into their home knows that dogs of any age will still bond with their new owners as long as they have had socialization with people! Keeping the puppies longer does mean more work for the breeder, since they are responsible for all the puppies during those extra weeks. But if the breeder is putting in that time and effort to give the puppies a great foundation, then the extra time with their litter can be very beneficial to both you and your new puppy. These pups are incredibly intelligent and capable canines who are ready to work. And German Shepherd puppies are too cute! Remember, you can get any kind of dog, including a GSD, from shelters and rescues, so always adopt! They tend to be one-family pets, meaning they can be suspicious of strangers. Although absolutely gorgeous, Shepherds are shedders to the max. Prepare for a snow globe of hair to poof off your pup any time you give them a big snuggle, which will be more often than not. When you first get your puppy, playing may consist of nipping due to their herding background. When your GSD is fully grown, they may love to wrestle around and forget how big they are. These pups are always up for snuggling with others, including kids and other pets. Softies Who Are Also Busy Bodies If you want a German Shepherd puppy in your life, you have to really want your dog to be a part of every little bit of your daily routine. Morning showers? Your pup will want to sit right outside to make sure you rinse off the soap. Your bed? Highly intelligent and curious, Shepherds want to know what is going on all of the time. German Shepherds will attach at the hip and make the right person the happiest dog parent on the planet. German Shepherd puppy in grass close-up of German Shepherd puppy German Shepherd puppy in profile German Shepherd puppy on rock German Shepherd puppy lying down on lawn German Shepherd puppy looking at camera German Shepherd puppy on snow German Shepherd puppy in yard Remember, you can find just about any breed of dog you are looking for at a shelter or rescue. Would you adopt a German Shepherd Puppy? Do you have experience with these adorable pups? Let us know in the comments below! If you have a German Shepherd who plays rough, you might hesitate to stop him because you might be interrupting his fun. For the most part, you would be right not to stop the play. That means you need to know when to step in and limit how rough they can get during play fighting. Otherwise, they will be incompatible with smaller breeds or children. Recent research has shown that both veterinarians and the public believe that different dog breeds differ in their sensitivity to pain. The results of this survey included the German Shepherd. In contrast, veterinarians disagreed with this view, claiming that body size was just a minor indicator of pain sensitivity. But whatever your view, German Shepherds love to play rough. Once you learn where the boundaries are, you must be assertive and step in no matter how much fun your pooch might seem to be having. You do! The solution is different for each context and is detailed in the respective subheading. German Shepherds are intelligent and receptive to training. Remember, they have the strength to herd livestock yet have historically aided in nurturing and securing them. The non-negotiable aspect of this is proper socializing. Fortunately, I have a complete guide on how to train a German Shepherd puppy. Pro Tip! Experts recommend adopting a dog of the opposite gender. For the happiest dogs and the safest homes, opposite-sex dogs almost always get along better. Many same-sex combinations will fight as they want to be the dominant pet. Get comfortable putting your German Shepherd in an effective timeout a few times. Since GSDs are intelligent, it will take less than four timeouts before understanding where the limit is. An effective timeout means marking the behavior at the precise moment it occurs, and the duration should be no more than a minute for adult dogs and just a few seconds for puppies. Letting your German Shepherd know that there are limits is not the challenging part. The challenging part is figuring out where the boundaries are. Are you looking to buy something for your dog? Make sure to check out my favorite dog gear below. Puppies German Shepherd puppies are incredibly playful. So how do you play with a German Shepherd puppy? This article will examine the best way to play and entertain your German Shepherd puppy, providing example games to play and activities to do. The best way to play with a German Shepherd puppy is through short bursts of low-impact physical activity. This will keep their growing bones and joints safe from injury and malformation. Additionally, play games that sharpen their motors skills and hone their natural abilities. All dogs have a maximum tolerance for exercise, and playtime counts towards that limit. Most will play for as long as you allow them. Thus, you need to pay attention and keep them from overexertion, especially during activities that involve plenty of physical movement. In general, young dogs should have two sessions of exercise per day where each session is about 5 minutes per month of age. So, a German Shepherd puppy of around 2 months old should only get 10 minutes of playtime twice a day while a 6-month-old pup can tolerate two minute sessions. By the time your GSD is a year old, they should be able to tolerate hour-long sessions of play or exercise. Keep in mind, however, that these are general guidelines. You need to keep an eye on your dog and determine their own tolerance to avoid serious consequences like overheating and overexertion. Like children, individual dogs have different preferences. Use play as a means to strengthen their motor skills, nurture their sense of curiosity, and build their confidence. The best toys for young German Shepherds are interactive ones that stimulate their senses. Especially exciting are treat dispensers and squeaky toys while teething toys provide tons of comfort. They also love balls that they can grasp and chase after. They also love playing with people and other animals. Doing this often will help prove each of these commands and ensure they will obey no matter the situation. Have fun with the Obedience Shuffle by randomly asking for each command and rewarding your dog every time they obey. Make it increasingly difficult for them by adding distractions in between. Hide-and-Seek Hide-and-Seek is an excellent game to play with your German Shepherd puppy because it requires some concentration, sniffing, and running. It also primes them to think of you as the best reward. To play this, ask your dog to stay while you hide. Release them from their stay position and respond with excitement and praises when they find you. Hide in easy-to-find spots at first and find more difficult hiding places as your pup picks up on the object of the game. You can start by keeping your pup in a down position as they watch you hide the treats. When they understand the point of the game, you can make it more challenging by keeping them in another room and letting them in only when all the treats are hidden. It also requires very little space and involves more concentration and nose work. To play the shell game, take 3 cups and some treats, and sit across from your dog. Place the cups upside down on the floor and keep a treat under only one. Shuffle the cups before arranging them in a row. Turn over the first one your pup touches. If they get the right one, let them have the treat. If not, re-shuffle the cups and play again. Find-and-Retrieve Find-and-Retrieve is not just a game of obedience and concentration. This game involves teaching your dog the proper names of things, finding those things on command, and handing them over to you. To play this game, start by teaching your dog the name of one toy. Then, make the game more difficult by asking them to retrieve the ball from other places. Here are other things you can do to interact with your puppy, strengthen your bond, and help them to develop physically, mentally, and emotionally: Walking Walking can be a good way for your GSD pup to learn more about the world outside of your home. Allow young pups to walk at their own pace and try not to be too harsh on the lead. Let them stop to sniff and interact with whatever they might find interesting. This will form a huge part of their socialization. German Shepherds typically like water if they are exposed to it and learn how fun it can be. Swimming is also an excellent way to have fun with your growing dog since it is easy on the bones and joints. Being in water will also help strengthen muscles for even better skeletal development. Puzzle Toys Puzzle toys for dogs are not only excellent for mental stimulation but also for independent play. Depending on the toy, it could also help prime your German Shepherd for nose work, combat boredom, and control their impulses. They can compete in these companion sports as early as 6 months old or you can simply join local clubs to engage in these activities for fun. This helps avoid issues like hip and elbow dysplasia in the future. Until your German Shepherd has developed into adulthood, you should generally avoid activities that involve plenty of jumping. Staircases and other steep angles are safe enough for regular use but not as a means to exercise. Additionally, when running or walking, opt for turf and soil rather than concrete. Final Thoughts Discovering the best ways to play with your German Shepherd puppy will help you develop a strong bond and learn to communicate with one another. These games will also help stimulate their intellect and develop a love for learning. Learning how to discipline your GSD puppy correctly will teach them to respect your leadership and stay on their best behavior.

How often you should feed a German Shepherd puppy depends on their age and their activity level. Many owners also want to know when they can switch to adult food formulas for their German Shepherd puppies. Switch your GSD puppy to adult food when they are around 12 to 18 months old. Puppies can begin adult kibble when they are approximately 80 percent of their adult weight. This usually occurs around 8 to 10 months of age, but you can safely feed puppy food up to 18 months old as long as they are not putting on excess weight too quickly. If you want to know what to feed a German Shepherd puppy, keep reading. Finding the best food to feed your German Shepherd puppy is overwhelming at times. This means choosing what to feed a German Shepherd puppy is even more serious and intimidating! Follow this feeding guide when you need to know what to feed German Shepherd puppies. I understand! The following dog foods are all recommended for large breed puppies and meet and exceed regulated nutritional standards. Feeding a high-quality kibble from a name-brand company that uses feeding trials ensures the best quality and nutrition. Here are some of the best German Shepherd puppy foods that are research-backed. Packed with nutrients to help limit inflammation of the joints and uses fresh ingredients. Easily digestible formula for puppies prone to allergies and sensitive stomachs. Rich aroma with DHA fish oil to entice puppies to finish every last bite while giving shine to their coats. The better the food, the healthier your pup will be inside and out. Cheaper GSD puppy food lacks quality proteins that are essential for your working breed dog. Adding too much weight to your German Shepherd too soon can cause lifelong joint issues that are painful to your pet and expensive on your wallet. Most GSDs are healthy and fit on commercial dog foods that are high quality. These balanced formulas keep their bones and muscles strong throughout their growing periods and can ward off later joint issues, a common breed problem, as they mature. There is a greater demand for quality nutrition during the early growth stage. For these reasons, you must feed high-quality food. Now, consider what to feed a German Shepherd puppy based on their age. These feeding charts and guides will help keep your new companion growing strong and athletic. Tiny portions of canned, wet foods are introduced. Meals per day: 4 or more Puppies should stay with their mom for to keep them healthy. Nutrition Warning! At 8-weeks-old a GSD pup is eating more solid foods and develops a better appetite for kibble and other foods. Add in only a couple of small spoonfuls of canned plain pumpkin, unsweetened Greek yogurt, or cooked oatmeal to entice your pup to eat. Meals per day: 4 Week-Old Puppy Continue feeding the same as the 8-week-old diet. Treats are not only enjoyable for your German Shepherd, but help you to eneterain and build a positive relationship with him. Be sure to keep their zoomies under control by playing plenty of fun German Shepherd games for puppies. Meals per day: 4 Week-Old Puppy Continue to feed the kibble. Watch for excessive weight gain during this growth time as their bones cannot take extra weight! Too much weight gain too quickly can cause joint issues as an adult and prevent healthy development. Use their mental energy to help keep them more relaxed throughout the day by playing brain-boosting mind games for German Shepherd puppies. Meals per day: 3 to 4 Week-Old Puppy Keep your puppy trim and athletic by monitoring how much you feed your puppy and their body condition. You can write how much they eat and track this over time, and adjust how much your feed your German Shepherd puppy to keep them at a healthy weight. Try using fresh, raw, cut-up pieces of carrots as healthy treats or small, deseeded cubes of fresh apple as part of their training treats. Keep your eyes open for a growth spurt about to begin! Meals per day: 3 Week-Old Puppy Around 4 months old, you might notice your puppy finish their meal quickly and look for more food. Be sure to watch how many treats you give them throughout the day. You can do this by holding them safely in your arms and weighing them with you on the scale. Then, place them on the floor and step onto the scale without them to weigh yourself. Remember, around 16 to weeks old your German Shepherd puppy begins to rapidly grow. Instead, when looking overhead at your puppy their waist should look trim and not rounded outwards. German Shepherd puppies should appear sleek in their waistline. Meals per day: 3 Week And Older Puppy Continue to feed your German Shepherd puppy dry kibble with a small amount of healthy foods mixed in. You can lessen the healthy food you mix in gradually if you prefer. But, even as adults, German Shepherds love a bit of tasty toppers on their kibble. Around a year old, begin feeding your German Shepherd puppy 2 meals a day. Two meals, one in the morning and evening, are not only safer but also provide your German Shepherd with sustained energy to fuel their high-energy lifestyle. You can create a positive meal time by using the following tips: Always offer fresh water during their meal times. Keep the area where they eat their food in calm and out of the way of the family hustle and bustle. I found sitting with a book reading, just keeping my GSD puppy company, encouraged my dog to eat their meals while giving us time to quietly bond. Feed your German Shepherd at the same time everyday. The best time to feed a German Shepherd puppy is in the morning, before you leave for the day, and in the evening, about 2 hours before you put your dog to bed. Allow them to potty after eating to ensure their comfort. Your dog also needs to eat at other times of the day for their health and growth. How much you should feed a German Shepherd puppy really depends on a number of factors. Your GSD pup should eat enough to maintain their growth and energy, while not carrying any extra fat. Every dog is different. Keep in mind the number of calories in the kibble, which varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. Each puppy food company has a different amount of calories and size of the kibble. Here are a few things that might affect how much your German Shepherd puppy should eat. The more active a German Shepherd puppy is, the more calories he needs to eat to replace lost energy. For example, puppies need nearly twice the amount of calories as compared to adults. And older or senior German Shepherds who are less active need less food. Health Maintaining a healthy weight is essential to feeding your German Shepherd. Simply put, you can prevent some medical conditions and health problems by monitoring their waistlines. Instead follow the healthy way to bulk up a German Shepherd. To see if your German Shepherd is at the right weight you can find the average weight depending on their age. After she rescued her first Boxer in , Samantha fell in love with the breed and has continued to rescue three other Boxers since then. She enjoys hiking and swimming with her Boxers, Maddie and Chloe. Concrete jungle where dreams are made of. For pet owners, transitioning into a.But make no mistake; this intriguing 'dating app' is for.Mitchell Tobias - Sep 10, Clumber spaniels are loyal and affectionate dogs. They have enthusiasm for work, and they love to play. They can adapt easily and are happy indoors or.Dan Ivan Libunao - Sep 7, To us, humans, winking packs a lot of emotions when we do it. There are so many meanings behind the act of closing our eyelids. Aubrey Mesada - Sep 6, Are Springadors suitable as family pets? Do they get along with kids? Maybe you just came across this mixed breed and had a love-at-first-sight moment. Your Ally in Dog Ownership Top Dog Tips is here to provide dog owners with the most accurate and in-depth tips and advice on dog care, health, nutrition and training from the industry experts — veterinarians, dog trainers, groomers and animal scientists. We help dog owners effortlessly choose the best dog supplies on the market. We buy, test, review and rank pet products to help you avoid the bad stuff and purchase only what's best for you and your dog. A bottle with a nipple is generally the easiest, cleanest, and most natural way to replicate nursing. Most puppies latch and suckle as instincts kick in, though some might need a little encouragement to get started. Try wetting the nipple portion with some milk replacer to entice the puppy to latch, if need be. Alternatively, use a liquid syringe. Not every puppy takes to feeding on an artificial nipple. It can be a little messy, but it gets the job done. Use warm water. Mix formulas well. Most milk replacements are powder-based, and proper mixing is vital in getting the most out of every drop your pup ingests. A poorly mixed solution can also clog your feeding nipple or syringe. Keep a logbook. Puppies are delicate and need to hit certain margins to remain on track. This allows you to quickly recognize a problem if one arises and proves invaluable for your vet in diagnosing and treating potential issues. Stay in contact with your vet. Bottle-fed babies are more sensitive than their nursed peers. If you notice something is off with the puppy, give your vet a call. Ask for help. Do Not: Use hot water. Use cold water. Your puppy may also refuse to drink a cold formula entirely. Overfeed puppies. Overfeeding can lead to diarrhea and vomiting in puppies. Use human bottles. The nipples on baby bottles are often too large for puppy mouths, and the bottles themselves can be a bit clunky to use around small puppies. Offer milk replacer or liquids in a bowl or plate. No matter how shallow they may be, standing liquids are a drowning risk around puppies. What can you substitute for puppy milk? These are typically powder-based recipes similar in appearance to baby formula. They contain a measured blend of must-have nutrients for proper puppy development, including fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Should I give my puppy a milk supplement? While loaded with nutrients, they can cause tummy upset in weaned doggos who are used to solids. What milk can puppies drink? Milk replacements made for puppies contain nutrients that ensure proper development and digestion in dogs, including those for brain and bone health. Which milk powder is best for puppies? The best milk powder depends on your puppy. How often do puppies need to eat? New puppies spend most of the first few weeks of life eating and sleeping and should be nursed every 2 to 4 hours. How long do puppies nurse for? Puppies rely on milk for roughly the first 4 weeks of life. Some puppies may need to be closer to 4. By this time, your puppies should be happily moving about and trying to leave the whelping box while running, walking, and playing with littermates. How did it go? How long did it take your puppies to graduate to solid food? Have you tried any of the commercial dog milk replacers discussed above? Need more info on caring for pups? Make sure to also check out our guides on:. Pup should be tubed about every hours. An orphaned pup on day 1 of using the above formula. The same orphaned pup on day 10 of using the formula. They quickly become chilled, or hypothermic, if their mother, their siblings, or their environment does not keep them warm. It will be necessary to provide a heat source for your puppy for the first few weeks of life. Suitable heat sources include hot water bottles, incubators, and heat lamps. Whichever heat source you use, make sure the puppy doesn't become overheated or burned. In addition, avoid drafts by placing the puppy's box away from windows, doorways, and air-conditioning vents. If you are raising a litter of puppies, the temperature can be a little lower, as the puppies will huddle together and keep one another warm. The puppy needs to be warmed immediately. Take care not to overheat the puppy or warm it too quickly; this can be fatal in a weak puppy. Dehydration in Puppies Newborn puppies quickly become dehydrated very quickly if they are not nursing. They can also become dehydrated if their environment is too hot and dry. Two indicators of dehydration are loss of elasticity in the skin the skin stays tented when gently pinched up and decreased saliva production the gums and tongue feel tacky or dry. In addition to providing adequate nutrition, you may need to humidify the puppy box or whelping room if the puppy is small or weak. Be careful not to make the box too hot and humid; this can also cause respiratory distress. A home humidifier should be adequate. In some cases, you may have to do sub-q fluids. But that is a topic covered for another article on my website titled Save Your Puppy's Life. Hypoglycemia in Puppies Hypoglycemia quickly develops in a newborn that is not nursing frequently. As hypoglycemia worsens, the puppy becomes progressively more depressed and weaker. Without treatment, it may develop muscle twitches or seizures and then it will become unresponsive and comatose. If it is showing any of these signs, place a few drops of corn syrup on its tongue. This simple procedure is often sufficient to revive a hypoglycemic puppy. Also watch for signs of hypoglycemia over the next several days, as you adjust your puppy's feeding schedule. Feeding Puppies I am not a fan of bottles made for puppies. I prefer human baby bottles. If the pup has a good sucking reflex, try those. Take time to check the hole in the nipple before using the bottle the first time. The hole is the right size if, when you turn the bottle upside down, milk replacer drips from the nipple with only a gentle squeeze of the bottle. If, when you upend the bottle, you must squeeze it firmly to get milk to drip from the nipple, the hole needs to be enlarged. Otherwise, the puppy will become discouraged or exhausted when nursing and may even refuse to nurse. To enlarge the hole, heat a needle and then pierce the tip of the nipple a few times. If the puppy is weak and has a poor suck reflex, it is necessary to feed the puppy through a tube inserted into its stomach. Your veterinarian will instruct you on how to place the tube and maintain it for feeding. Orphaned Puppies Need Help Defecating Mothers stimulate their puppies to defecate pass stool by licking or nuzzling around the puppy's anus. To prevent your orphaned puppy from becoming constipated, you'll need to mimic this action using a soft cloth or cotton ball moistened with warm water. Gently stimulate the puppy's anal area after feeding for the first 2 weeks of its life. The Newborn Puppies The first 36 hours of a puppy's life is the critical period nutritionally. Healthy puppies will nurse right away and then every few hours. The pups must nurse from their mother within 12 hours of birth to receive her antibodies against disease. After 12 hours, their stomachs will not absorb antibodies. After this first 12 hours, if the mother does not have enough milk, or if her litter is too large, then the pups' diet can be supplemented with our homemade milk replacer. Cow's milk is nutritionally inadequate for puppies. Orphan puppies less than one week old must be stimulated to urinate and defecate. This is accomplished by gently massaging the abdomen and genital area with a piece of cotton wool or tissue, dampened with warm water. A newborn Leerburg puppy from a litter of .His brothers and sisters would crowd him out so he couldn't eat his share. He was maintaining his weight, but not gaining like his littermates. He had a strong suck reflex, so we decided to try to bottle feed him. That same pup relaxing after a swim with his new family. Weaning Pups We feed our pups an all-natural diet. That means no commercial food except the Honest Kitchen dehydrated food mixed with meat and supplements. Do your pup a favor - feed it all-natural and don't do yearly vaccinations. Educate yourself and extend the life and health of your dogs. I have written a great deal on this subject, Visit my article page and read about vaccinosis and the raw diet. After several days of just lapping our puppy formula from a bowl we add raw hamburger - like you see in the photo above. If the pups are small you may have to mash the raw hamburger into the formula. We feed a raw diet here at Leerburg. If you are considering an all-natural diet which I believe every dog should have , take a look at our extensive Raw Diet FAQ. Whelping Chart.

It fills our hearts with such joy witnessing the impact our puppies have in the lives of their new families. From caring for the sweet little pups as they enter this world, to watching them light up the eyes of their new families. Growing up my family bred Golden Retrievers in the beautiful State of Washington. How blessed we were to grow up with such a loving and loyal breed. Our Retrievers were my best friends as a child. They were so loyal, always returning our shoes home from off the neighbors porch or never giving up on finding that tennis ball! I have so many great memories with this sweet breed. So gentle and loyal. So needless to say our dogs are seasoned adventurers! They love exploring nature as much as we do and with three little boys for guides.They are dearly loved and well cared for. Our puppies are raised in our home and loved from the moment they are born. This unique partnership as breeders has allowed us to create diversity within our lines without ever having to kennel our dogs. The health and happiness of our dogs is our 1 priority. Our breeding program has been able grow to meet the demands of our customers, while still allowing our dogs to remain beloved family members. Click to read the article! We have worked hard over the years learning the best methods to whelp and raise a litter. And we are proud to see our efforts have been recognized. GiGi's Playhouse is a non-profit, c 3 organization and is solely funded by donations. Their mission is to change the way the world views Down syndrome and to send a global message of acceptance for all! Click Here for Available Puppies! We are thrilled you found us and can't wait to share our Bliss with you! We are a premier dog breeder of Standard, Medium and Mini Goldendoodles as well as Standard, Medium and Miniature Bernedoodles from family raised, health tested parents. Our puppies are all given the Gold standard of rearing, making them well socialized, smart, easy to train and are pre potty-trained. Our puppies come with a genetic health guarantee and a lifetime of support from one of the top dog breeders in Arizona. We are passionate about our doodles and love to share that Bliss with you. Because of this, our Standard Poodle, Goldendoodle and Bernedoodle parents have calm, endearing personalities and are well socialized with people and other dogs. All of our dogs are part of our family and spend their day in our home or their carefully selected Guardian homes. Every litter is born and raised in our home where we can guide their early development. We know that quality care and dedication to our doodles results in amazing puppies to share with others. You can learn more about our upcoming litters here , we look forward to helping you find the best puppy for your family. Responsible Breeding Doodle Bliss is proud to be recognized as a Good Dog breeder for our commitment to the health and well-being of our doodles. We are passionate about raising the best of breed so we can deliver healthy and happy Goldendoodle puppies to you. You can see the standards we adhere to on the link below. We have incorporated it into our early puppy training and think you will love what they have to offer. Click Here to take a look at their training. This program is scientifically proven to greatly improve outcomes for puppies! From early neurological stimulation , to aggression prevention and potty training. As Breeders and puppy owners, we have the opportunity to improve the outcomes for dogs and their people by doing just the right thing at just the right time in the critical first weeks of the puppies lives. Through Avidog we are able to implement Temperament Testing along with a wealth of additional training for our puppies. This helps up pair each new dog owner with the best fit for their family. How we began Our family has always been in love with our dogs. Owning our first Doodle brought out a passion we never knew we had, and we were anxious to share it with others. All of our upcoming litters are posted here so we can keep you informed of upcoming doodles. You can also learn how to join our waiting list and become part of our Doodle Bliss family. Upcoming Litters Current Litters While our litters are typically reserved before they are born, here you can see what Goldendoodle puppies we are currently preparing for their forever families. Prepare to fall in love with the most blissful Goldendoodle puppies in Arizona. We specialize in a medium size, and will also have standard and mini size as well for families looking for the perfect puppy companion in Phoenix, Arizona and nationwide. Learn our reservation and application process here and join our email list for updates! Our puppies will have low to extremely low shedding, wavy to curly coats, always with furnishings weak to strong , for the doodle and poodle looks. The puppies are raised in our home and go through curriculum starting on day three. The pups go through ENS day , and then daily exposure to new items, noises, sights, people, etc for the remaining weeks. They will be introduced to potty training and kennel training, all using resources from Badass Breeder and Puppy Culture. We then temperament test the puppies at 7 weeks so you have a snapshot into their characteristics and personality coming home to you. Second, we want to help our families prepare and be educated on everything they need to successfully add their new puppy into their family. We want to help give our families all the resources they need to educate themselves on bringing home and raising a new puppy. We also are passionate about transparency to help build trust. Each of our pups go home with an embark genetic and coat DNA panel so you know exactly the type of pup you have. Plus, we encourage families to stay in touch and reach out whenever they have any questions at any time. We also will continue to grow our blog for resources for families. Learn about puppy pick-ups, flight nannies, or traveling out of state in our Info and FAQs page. Daisy Mountain Doodles is a breeder of goldendoodle, bernedoodle, and poodle puppies located in Phoenix, Arizona. We are committed to professionalism, ethical practices and raising healthy and happy puppies in the most loving homes possible. My emphasis is on mini and petite size puppies, but I also breed medium and standards. Deciding which puppy and which breeder is the right choice for you and your family is a huge undertaking as owning a dog is a commitment based on years. Congratulations, these two breeds are exceptional and worthy of high praise as the years of increased popularity have proven. I have bred Goldendoodles for twenty years and have earned the reputation of being honest and caring. Health and temperament are the two most important qualities for a dog. I ensure the health of my litters by having DNA testing done on all my parent dogs. All parents are chosen for their calm yet confident personalities therefore ensuring their offspring will also be calm, loving, and confident. Doodles are all about love, being loved and giving love. They are very much family dogs and want to be around family members, but they are happy around other furry friends too. Loyalty is their middle name! Most doodles are non-shedding and can be hypoallergenic, meaning they produce little to no dander that is the main cause of allergies for people. Therefore, they are an excellent choice for families with known dog allergies. People with doodle puppies feel happier, have improved cognitive function, and increased positive health outcomes. Goldendoodle puppies are a great fit for first time dog-owners since they are easy to train. Plus, singles and couples often connect with these affectionate, fun-loving Goldendoodles or Bernedoodles that grow up to become a calm and comforting member of the family. I love working with families to help them find their perfect Goldendoodle or Bernedoodle. Each of my puppies needs a loving home and I am happy to help you find your puppy match! Competitive Pricing My pricing is generally lower than the local competition. I firmly believe my puppies are bred with exceptional vigor and years of clear health histories from past generations. Goldendoodle Breeding Experience Nineteen years ago when I started breeding F1 goldendoodles no one was familiar with the breed. My Passion For Goldendoodles I fell in love with doodles long before I started breeding and knew that somewhere down the road I wanted to be part of the process. It is my goal to share with anyone who wants a dog to know what an awesome breed are goldendoodles and bernedoodles. All dog breeds are wonderful but my love, devotion, and my passion are for doodles which is why I breed no others. Meet The Breeder I began breeding with my two precious golden retrievers, Bella, and Piper and spent two years watching them grow up before I became a full time breeder of Goldendoodles. Very recently I decided to add Bernedoodles to my program. I did a lot of research before deciding on Bernedoodles. Why did I decide on Bernedoodles? I believe the key to a great litter is a happy and healthy mom and dad raised in loving homes. Doodles make awesome family dogs, especially loved by children! You are getting a mix of two very special breeds and it is like the best of each breed comes out in the Goldendoodle. Deborah was great in preparing the pups for their future. She treats them like they are part of the family so that when you get your dog it is adjusted to family life which is a real plus. These Goldendoodles want to be with you all of the time which is fine by me. Thought this photo would bring a smile to your face. Someone stopped me yesterday while we were on our walk and asked all kinds of questions about golden doodles. He said he wants to get one, but not right away. As the smaller poodle hybrids grew in popularity and success, Golden Retriever breeders decided to breed them with the standard poodle for a larger family pet. They are extremely smart, so they learn quickly, and they love children and other pets. Discover more about our Goldendoodle puppies for sale below! Most Goldendoodles are a first-generation cross, as such, they exhibit hybrid vigor — a phenomenon in animal breeding referring to the fact that the first cross between two unrelated purebred lines is healthier and grows better than either parent line. Vigour lessens with each successive generation. The most common colors for Goldendoodles are black, brown, gray, red, white and yellow and most are light to non-shedding. A Note on Hypoallergenic Traits Poodles have a reputation for being hypoallergenic, meaning they can supposedly be tolerated by people who have dog allergies. That being said, allergies are not caused by dogs themselves but by dander, the dead skin cells shed by all dogs and people. Goldendoodles tend to have less dander though than other breeds. Most Goldendoodles do have a low to non-shedding coat making them more tolerable for people with allergies. The Goldendoodle may shed less than a golden retriever, but the degree of shedding will vary from dog to dog. Grooming requirements are as varied as coat types, but most doodles require regular brushing to avoid matting. A dog with a coat that sheds less will require more grooming than one that sheds more often. Our Goldendoodle puppies come from responsible and reputable breeders! This is important, so you know you are getting the best hybrid puppy from healthy and happy parents. Your Goldendoodle will be a mid-sized, fluffy, cheerful canine companion who is not too high maintenance but is energetic enough to share an active lifestyle. Living Conditions The Goldendoodle is great for owners who do not want to deal with hair in their cars and homes. You can train them easily, though they are not going to do well in an apartment because they are large and full of energy. Expect fewer repetitions when training this breed. They have a wonderful, cheerful and playful temperament and they will do just fine with kids and other pets. This dog will bark and alert its owners when an intruder is present, so they make great family pets and watchdogs. Disposition Goldendoodles make marvelous family dogs. If left unattended in a crate or elsewhere for long periods of time, a Goldendoodle will become bored and lonely and may become depressed and destructive. Goldendoodles often have an uncanny ability to communicate with their people. Some have even been trained as guide dogs. Goldendoodles are active and need regular exercise. This is a great breed for kids and is known to be playful and affectionate around them.

About our adoption process About our adoption process Our puppies are worked with every day to build a strong loving bond between human and dog. We provide them with new and exciting challenges and things to discover daily. This builds confidence while fulfilling their never-ending desire to learn. We also play thunderstorm, fireworks and shotgun CD'S to get them used to these sounds while t Show More Our puppies are worked with every day to build a strong loving bond between human and dog. We also play thunderstorm, fireworks and shotgun CD'S to get them used to these sounds while they are safe and happy with mom. This is in hopes your pup will not be scared of storms or the 4th of July. Check out our reviews! Iit is your responsibility to call the airport and get the details on flying with puppy. We prefer that you come here to pick up your puppies, but we know that is not always possible. We will deliver for a fee. Breeding rights will be considered after interview. Our main concern is none of our puppies ever end up in a puppy mill shelter. We breed for temperament and health above all. The pretty colors are an extra bonus. We can tell you how many deposits we currently have for a given litter. The first deposit received get first pick of litter, second deposit received get second choice and so on. You will have a "pick number" according to which order we received your deposit. When it's your turn to choose we will work with you if you need or want help choosing. Most families have followed the litter on Facebook or the website and have a few favorites in mind before our call. Questions about Labradoodle puppies for sale in Rochester, MN? We have answers. What should I know about Labradoodle puppies for sale near Rochester? Labradoodles are a crossbreed between a Labrador Retriever and a Poodle. Their size typically ranges from miniature, around 20 pounds, to around 75 pounds for a standard. They are known for being smart, loyal, and friendly, and are incredibly sociable and eager to please. Labradoodles are relatively low-shedding, making them a great choice for people with allergies. They generally require regular grooming, though the amount will vary depending on the type of coat they have. Are Labradoodle puppies for sale in Rochester hypoallergenic? Labradoodles, a crossbreed of Labrador Retrievers and Standard Poodles, are advertised as being good dogs for people with allergies due to their hypoallergenic coat. That being said, not all Labradoodles will be completely hypoallergenic, as it depends on the particular traits of the individual dog's coat. What do Rochester Labradoodle puppies for sale eat? Labradoodles have dietary needs that vary depending on their age and level of activity. Generally speaking, they need a diet that is high in quality proteins and healthy fats, with moderate carbohydrates. They also need a variety of vitamins and minerals, as well as fiber and essential fatty acids. It's also important to provide them with adequate amounts of fresh, clean water. When it comes to specific food items, Labradoodles can be fed a variety of dog foods, chosen based on their individual needs. What are some essentials I should buy before getting Labradoodle puppies in Rochester? When preparing to get a Labradoodle, it is important to make sure you have the basic essentials. First, you should get a good quality dog bed. Ensure it is comfortable and safe, as Labradoodles often like to burrow and nest. Secondly, make sure you have all the necessary supplies to groom your pup brushes, nail clippers and other tools. Thirdly, a sturdy food and water bowl is a must. Fourth, stock up on healthy premium dog food, as well as treats for training and rewards. How big do Labradoodles for sale in Rochester get? Labradoodles come in a range of sizes, depending on the specific breed, parent breeds, and the generations of crosses, which can make them anywhere from inches tall at the shoulder when full grown. Generally, standard-sized Labradoodles are the largest of the breed and will often reach around 24 inches in height. A miniature or medium Labradoodle will usually come in somewhere between inches in height. Depending on the specific breed, they can weigh anywhere between pounds as adults. How much exercise do Labradoodle puppies near Rochester need? Labradoodles are a high-energy breed with a lot of enthusiasm for exercise. They need daily physical and mental stimulation to stay happy and healthy. The amount of exercise they need varies depending on age and individual energy levels. Generally, they will need at least an hour of vigorous exercise a day, this could be anything from a long walk, playing fetch, going on a hike or a simple game of tug-of-war. If they are unable to get enough exercise they may become bored and destructive. Are Labradoodles in Rochester good with kids? Labradoodles can be excellent family pets as they generally have a friendly and affectionate nature, are intelligent, and are easily trained. Labradoodles typically get along well with children, as they often have what is referred to as "gentle eyes" which helps promote calmness and trust. They are also known to be patient and can handle a bit of chaos. They typically have an exciting and playful energy, which can help kids stay active and entertained. Additionally, Labradoodles have some unique qualities that can be particularly beneficial. How many minutes per day do I need to train Rochester Labradoodles for sale? The amount of time you need to train Labradoodles each day can vary depending on the specific goals and objectives of your training. Generally speaking, you should plan to dedicate at least 30 minutes per day to your Labradoodle's training. This time should be divided into manageable chunks; 5 minutes each for physical exercise, socialization, playtime, and then 10 minutes of training-focused activities. It is important to note that puppies, in particular, require more frequent and often shorter training sessions in order to ensure their learning is reinforced and their attention stays focused. We raise high-quality Mini Labradoodles as well as a few other breeds. We also have partnered up with several other reputable breeders that raise mini labradoodle pups that meet our strict genetic criteria and testing. So we usually have a good selection of very high-quality puppies. View Our Available Puppies! F1B Mini Labradoodle Puppies are a second-generation cross or hybrid. The father is a Mini Poodle and the mother is an F1 Labradoodle. The F1B Minature Labradoodles usually have soft hair that is usually wavy or curly. Thes puppies are considered semi-hypoallergenic since they shed minimally. These puppies can be a good fit if a person that has mild pet allergies. Once F1B Mini Labradoodles reach 6 months old they require to be groomed once every 8 weeks or so to keep their fur healthy and to stop matting. Adult F1B Mini labradoodle dogs range in size from 14 inches in height and pounds in weight. The average life span is typically years of age. The F1BB puppies usually have curlier coats and will be totally hypoallergenic. Once the F1BB pup is 6 months they will need regular grooming every 6 to 8 weeks. F1BB Puppies are usually slightly smaller than F1B puppies and range from 12 inches in height and pounds in weight. Mini Labradoodles are known for their intelligence and the ability to be trained very easily. They make amazing family pets and love to participate in family activities like swimming, hiking, camping or just playing tag in the yard. This breed is also a good choice for people who live in apartments as long as they get at least minutes of exercise a day. So if you live near Rochester Minnesota and are looking for a healthy and beautiful Mini Labradoodle puppy that can be delivered to you then check out our available pups now by Clicking Here. Below are some Mini Labradoodle pups that have been adopted.

Disclosure: This post contains affiliate links, and I will be compensated if you make a purchase after clicking on my links. You probably already know that learning how to potty train a German Shepherd puppy can be a stressful time. But… once you know these easy steps, great things happen! Knowing how to potty train your German Shepherd is vital to having a happy, comfortable life with them. Use this training consistently to have the most effect. A proactive approach works best. Which means you should… focus on preventing accidents, instead of waiting on them to happen! Follow a strict feeding and bathroom schedule to see the best results. Basically, you teach your German Shepherd puppy the right potty skills… until it becomes a habit humanesociety. The key to quick success is taking your pup out every 2 to 3 hours and never giving the opportunity for them to have an accident inside. This means at least 8 to 10 trips outside every single day! In their welcoming and safe crate either resting, eating their meals, or enjoying a play toy. In an exercise pen or playpen with a strict potty area. Under your direct, undivided attention. This means you are always watching your pup. All it takes is for you to check your phone for a few seconds for your pup to have a toileting accident! You can either use a crate to speed up their potty training or provide them an area indoors to eliminate. I prefer the crate method. Housebreaking with the use of a crate speeds up your success rate incredibly! But you want to use the crate positively so they learn to love their little den. Make their crate an enjoyable and inviting place to go. How to show your pup how to love their crate: Never force your pup into their crate! Take your time with crate introduction and allow them to explore under their own will. Serve your pup at least one meal a day inside their crate. Use a Kong with their meal stuffed inside and mixed with a small spoonful of unsweetened Greek yogurt or peanut butter to entice them to stay and work on the Kong inside the crate. Offer treats when they willingly go inside to rest or explore their crate. Use a verbal cue when you want your pup to go into the crate. You can learn all the benefits of teaching your dog to use their crate in this easy post on crate training your German Shepherd successfully. Check it out to get the complete facts, tips, and step-by-step instructions to perfect crate training today. Use Puppy Pads You can use puppy pads if you need to… or skip to step 4 to learn potty training without pads. Not going to use puppy pads? You can skip to step 4. But… if you prefer to use puppy pads, then you need an area where you always take your dog when they need to go to the bathroom. Preferably place their pads near the door that you eventually want them to use to go outside. Place more pads down than you think you need at first. This is because puppies have poor aim and also may find a spot they prefer other than the one you pick. After a couple of weeks, you may remove the extra pads until there are only two puppy pads on the floor in the primary area they prefer to go. Keep the food and water area away from the puppy pads in another place. Using Puppy Pads Successfully Change your puppy pads as they become soiled. But a lightly soiled pad is attractive to your pup in the beginning stages of training and helps them learn the right area to potty indoors at first. Once they are reliably using the correct spot, you need not continue to use this trick and can throw away the pads as they become too soiled. Training Them to Go Outside After Using Pads Indoors If you set up your pads near the door you use to take them outside to their elimination area, then you can transition them to go outside more easily. So, place or move your puppy pads closer to the door from their original spot to begin the transition to the outdoors. When your pads are close to the door, watch them for their elimination signs and get them to the outside as swiftly as you can. While I generally use a crate to house train my German Shepherd puppy I also totally understand that you might prefer to learn how to potty train a German Shepherd puppy using a puppy pad for any number of reasons. Teach Them a Potty Routine Every day, follow the same routine and schedule to keep your puppy from having accidents inside your house. Teaching your dog to eliminate outside means that you must have a strict schedule. Watch for signs that your pup needs to go potty so you can avoid indoor accidents. Morning Potty Routine First thing in the morning when you let your pup out of their crate or from their sleeping area take them to their potty spot. If in doubt, carry them outside yourself. If you will not leash your pup when you take them out in the morning, then run ahead of them to lead them outside quickly. If you have stairs, carry your pup since rushing downstairs on a full bladder is never a good idea. Outside Potty Routine Stay with your pup until they do their business. You can place your pup in a small confined area to go potty or keep them leashed to you. Stand quietly until they potty. Then, praise them and offer a tasty treat. This can bore you at first, but potty training a German Shepherd puppy becomes easier every day. After 10 to 15 minutes, take them out of their crate and repeat the above process. Learning how to potty train a German Shepherd puppy takes repetition and patience. How do you know when to take your GSD puppy outside to potty? Take them out after a nap. They need to relieve themselves after sleeping or napping in their crates. Take them out after a play session. Take them out after they drink a large amount of water. Take them out first thing in the morning and the last thing before you place them in their crate or go to bed. Take your dog out when their body language says they are searching for a potty spot! You should take out your German Shepherd puppy every 2 hours for an 8-week-old pup. Add an hour for each month your pup is old. So, a week-old dog needs to go out every 3 hours. And a week-old German Shepherd needs to go outside to relieve herself every 4 hours. Puppy Age How often do you take them outside to potty? Most dogs do not have full bladder control until they are six months old. This means that even if your puppy does learn to hold it, accidents may still happen if it is left inside too long. Not potty training early can extend the process and make things harder. As the puppy grows, the mess and smells will increase. It is also harder to break an existing habit than prevent one from starting in the first place. How long on average does it take to potty train a puppy? If everything goes according to plan, your German Shepherd can be potty trained within five days. However, that does not mean your pup will be able to be locked indoors for eight hours while you go to work and not make a mess. Therefore, a two-month-old puppy needs to go out every two hours. A three-month-old can hold for three, and so on. German Shepherds also often have a high play drive and might completely forget that they need to potty when they want to play instead. There are few things more frustrating than playing outside with your puppy for an hour, only to have them calm down enough to relieve themselves the moment they come indoors. Have a complimentary diet An upset stomach is one of the most common setbacks in housetraining. In particular, puppies are vulnerable to garbage gut because they tend to eat anything smelly or exciting. This is another reason to make use of a crate. Excellent digestive health is not only good for your puppy, but it makes it much easier to stick to your routine. Use a specific door By now, you might be noticing a theme of consistency and routine emerging. Taking your puppy out through the same door helps condition and imprint the housetraining process on your dog and will also serve you later when your dog learns to always ask to go outside at the same door. Leash and lead The leash or lead is a further way of conditioning your puppy. The lead ensures that you can keep them close and make sure they always go to the specific spotty to potty. Do some research on the best collar for German Shephards , as there are some breed specific requirements. Then give a treat or some playtime to reward the correct behavior. Guide your dog back inside A potty run needs to be conditioned as a potty run. While praise, playtime, and treats should be used to make it a positive experience, your pup must learn to stay focused on the task at hand. Creating a negative experience for your dog is more likely to cause sneaky behavior such as peeing and pooping secretly out of fear that you will reprimand them if caught. Make sure you check on your puppy at least twice throughout the night Set an alarm clock and check if your puppy is awake and restless at least twice a night. This is your cue to take the pup outside. If the crate is near your bed and you are a light sleeper, you will likely wake when you hear rustling or whimpering. Stick to a routine A rigid routine is the quickest and smoothest route to a house-trained puppy. Be sure to take the puppy outside as soon as it wakes up in the morning, as well as after a nap, after playtime, and after meals. Until they are at least twelve weeks old, they should be taken out a minimum every two hours during the day. Positive Reinforcement As with all dog training, positive reinforcement works best. Make sure to praise and reward within three seconds of your puppy going potty to make a positive association. While your German Shepherd is learning that the entire house is out of bounds for elimination, the crate is a useful tool to avoid accidents. Once this has been achieved, you can gradually allow your puppy more free rein indoors. Pee Pads are not helpful. Accidents are part of the process, but if you follow these basic house training guidelines, you can get the newest member of your family on the right track. To potty train your puppy, establish a routine Puppies do best on a regular schedule. The schedule teaches them that there are times to eat, times to play and times to do their business. Typically, a puppy can control their bladder one hour for every month of age. So if your puppy is 2 months old, they can hold it for about two hours. Take your puppy outside frequently—at least every two hours—and immediately after they wake up, during and after playing, and after eating or drinking. Pick a bathroom spot outside, and always take your puppy on a leash to that spot. While your puppy is relieving themselves, use a specific word or phrase that you can eventually use before they go to remind them what to do. Take them out for a longer walk or some playtime only after they have eliminated. Reward your puppy every time they eliminate outdoors. This step is vital, because rewarding your dog for going outdoors is the only way to teach what's expected of them. Put your puppy on a regular feeding schedule. What goes into a puppy on a schedule comes out of a puppy on a schedule. Depending on their age, puppies may need to be fed two or three times a day. Feeding your puppy at the same times each day will make it more likely that they'll eliminate at consistent times as well, making house training easier for both of you. Pick up your puppy's water dish about two and a half hours before bedtime to reduce the likelihood that they'll need to relieve themselves during the night. Most puppies can sleep for approximately seven hours without needing a bathroom break. If your puppy does wake you up in the night, don't make a big deal of it; otherwise, they will think it is time to play and won't want to go back to sleep. Turn on as few lights as possible, don't talk to or play with your puppy, take them out to the spot where they relieve themselves and then return them to bed. Top 10 pet tips Sign up to receive our exclusive e-book full of important information about caring for your pet, including training techniques and answers to frequently asked questions. Tether your puppy to you or a nearby piece of furniture with a six-foot leash if you are not actively training or playing. Watch for signs that your puppy needs to go out. Some signs are obvious, such as barking or scratching at the door, squatting, restlessness, sniffing around or circling. When you see these signs, immediately grab the leash and take them outside to their bathroom spot. If they eliminate, praise them and reward with a treat. Keep your puppy on leash in the yard. During the house training process, your yard should be treated like any other room in your house. Give your puppy some freedom in the house and yard only after they become reliably house trained. When you can't supervise, confine When you're unable to watch your puppy at all times, restrict them to an area small enough that they won't want to eliminate there. Browse Dog Crates on Amazon. You can use a portion of a bathroom or laundry room blocked off with baby gates. Or you may want to crate train your puppy. Be sure to learn how to use a crate humanely as a method of confinement. If your puppy has spent several hours in confinement, you'll need to take them directly to their bathroom spot as soon as you return. Mistakes happen Expect your puppy to have a few accidents in the house—it's a normal part of house training. Here's what to do when that happens: Without a lot of drama, immediately take them to their outside bathroom spot. Praise your pup and give a treat if they finish there. Don't punish your puppy for eliminating in the house. If you find a soiled area, just clean it up. Rubbing your puppy's nose in it, taking them to the spot and scolding them or any other punishment will only make them afraid of you or afraid to eliminate in your presence. Punishment will do more harm than good. Clean the soiled area thoroughly. Puppies are highly motivated to continue soiling in areas that smell like urine or feces. It's extremely important that you use these supervision and confinement procedures to minimize the number of accidents. Make plans for when you're away If you have to be away from home more than four or five hours a day, this may not be the best time for you to get a puppy. Instead, you may want to consider an older house-trained dog who can wait for your return. If you already have a puppy and must be away for long periods of time, you may need to: Arrange for someone, such as a responsible neighbor or a professional pet sitter, to take them for bathroom breaks. Alternatively, train them to eliminate in a specific place indoors. Be aware, however, that doing this can prolong the process of house training. Teaching your puppy to eliminate on newspaper may create a life-long surface preference, meaning that even as an adult they may eliminate on any newspaper lying around the living room. If you plan to paper-train, confine them to an area with enough room for a sleeping space, a playing space and a separate place to eliminate. In the designated elimination area, use either pet pee pads, newspapers cover the area with several layers of newspaper or a sod box. To make a sod box, place sod in a container such as a child's small, plastic swimming pool. You can also find dog litter products at a pet supply store. If you have to clean up an accident outside the designated elimination area, put the soiled rags or paper towels inside that area afterward to help your puppy recognize the scented area as the place where they are supposed to eliminate. Puppies Puppy accidents are inevitable and can also be the most frustrating part of welcoming a new dog into your household. However, with a little bit of patience and the commitment to establishing a routine, you should get your GSD puppy potty trained in no time. This article will dive into how to potty train a German Shepherd puppy as well as give you step-by-step instructions and tips for success. German Shepherds become aware of their ability to control their bodily functions at around 3 weeks old. However, it is best to start potty training as soon as you bring your puppy home, usually, this is around 8 weeks of age. So, a 2-month old can hold their pee for about 2 hours. To avoid accidents, take them for potty breaks once every hour. No, not all adult German Shepherds are potty trained. Nevertheless, the general process of training an adult is pretty much the same as potty training a puppy. The key is in setting your rules and establishing a routine from the beginning. Ideally, choose a relatively quiet place. German Shepherds, like many other dog breeds, are creatures of habit. Having a designated potty area and using it consistently is key to making this process work smoothly. When dogs eliminate, their urine and feces leave behind a unique scent. Smelling it will signal to their brains that it is, indeed, time to go potty. Step 2: Establish a schedule Just like having a consistent potty area, sticking to a regular schedule is essential. Take very young puppies to their designated potty area every hour. As they age and as they become familiar with the routine, you can lengthen the time between their potty breaks. Start by choosing a command and sticking with it. When your pup gets to their potty spot, say your chosen command. Then say your command again and praise your pup as soon as your pup has successfully eliminated. You can usually tell this by their body language. Keep doing that until you can just give the command and your pup knows to squat and poop. Step 4: Reinforce positive potty behavior Whenever your GSD pup potties successfully, give them a good time! Reward them especially when they potty on command. Make sure you give them lots of praises and maybe a good head scratch. Depending on what motivates them, reward them with food or play. Step 5: Give it time and patience Following these steps will give you the best chance of success, but expect it to take some time. Top Tips for Potty Training Success German Shepherds are easy to train , so by following the proper potty training steps, you should get your GSD pup housebroken in no time. Nevertheless, here are some tips that will set you up for success and allow you to get over this tedious phase much more quickly: Tip 1: Make crate training a priority Crate training offers plenty of critical benefits, especially to puppies. Apart from providing a private space where they can feel safe, the right crate can be an excellent housebreaking tool. Tip 2: Establish a routine German Shepherds tend to thrive on a daily routine, so try your best to make every day the same for them. It will also help you more accurately predict when they need to go potty. Try to limit feeding times to three times a day for puppies younger than 6 months. German Shepherds that are at least 6 months old can eat once in the morning and then again in the evening. Tip 4: Withhold water at night Dogs should always have access to clean drinking water, but free access to a water bowl will make potty training more difficult. Once housebroken, your dog can have free access to water. When you take your dog out to potty, try to keep yourself relaxed and only talk when giving the potty command. This will also make your post-potty reward extra special. Disciplining your puppy for a potty accident is likely to do more harm. It will lead to negative potty behavior like being afraid to eliminate in your presence as well as feeling anxiety over having to pee or poop. Just clean it up and hope you can both do better next time. If your dog is having accidents too regularly, you likely need to take your dog out more frequently to prevent it. This is also the best way to maintain proper hygiene and good health. Tip 8: Listen and observe Dogs have their own way of communicating and will be especially communicative when they need to go potty. Some dogs might whine while others paw at the door. You just need to establish a routine and give them time to develop full control over their bladder and bowels. As long as you are committed to following your protocol, you should be able to enjoy a fully housebroken dog soon enough.

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