bernedoodle puppy feeding chart

Please contact us if you would like to set up a payment plan. All puppies MUST be paid in full by 8 weeks of age including any shipping fees. Puppies shipping fees can be affected as they grow so please keep this in mind. If a shipping fee increases due to puppys weight range, buyer is responsible for the additional fees to ship said puppy past its 10 week mark. Deposit may be sent by, bank transfer, Apple Pay, Zelle ,Venmo. Balance on delivery is only if we are able to personally deliver your puppy. If we are sending our puppy nanny the balance will be due at 8 weeks of age. We do offer payment plans towards a current litter as well as any future upcoming litter. You connected with the right breeder. You found the dog of your dreams. Now, all you have to do is get your puppy home safe and sound so you can begin your lives together. Ground transportation Have your puppy transported to you via car or van. Flight nanny Have your puppy flown to your nearest airport in the cabin with a chaperone. Shipping fees, if needed, are due at least 3 days prior to said puppy leaving. So if you want your puppy at 8 weeks shipping must be included with your deposit. Hand delivery of your pup to most U. For Hawaii, Alaska or Canada we will need to contact our puppy nanny for a price quote. So please read carefully and contact us at suburbanbullies gmail. We understand that coming up with the means to purchase a Bulldog Puppy can be difficult. We are ready and willing to work out a payment plan that will work for both of us as long as the full price of the puppy is paid before pick-up or delivery. If for some reason you cannot get the puppy you have chosen out of the current litter, your money can then be used towards a puppy of the same quality from the next litter. The buyer will be responsible for any difference in price. All of our puppies come with AKC Registration, a one 1 year health guarantee, and will be up to date on vaccinations. All appropriate paperwork ie. If your puppy is shipped via ground or air, we will also provide the carrier, food and water. I will then email you a copy of our contract. We require payment in full and a signed copy of our contract before you can take ownership of your puppy. If you reside in the State of Texas, by law we are obligated to collect Texas sales tax at a rate of 8. Pay Pal is the safest and most preferred way to make payments over the internet. I'm sorry, but we will NOT travel outside of 30 miles. If this doesn't work for you, we're happy to ship your puppy using one of our shipping options below. We do NOT allow our puppies to go to their new homes until a minimum of 8 weeks old. In rare cases we may keep the puppies until 9 or 10 weeks if we feel they are not ready for their new home yet. If you live far away and are not willing to pick your puppy up, we can safely ship your puppy via ground or air. We can send your puppy via ground shipping if you live within a few hours from our home. Of course, this means that transportation could take longer than flying. We use a transport company that is a professional puppy handler and delivers nationwide. Your puppy will travel in an air conditioned vehicle and will stop on a regular basis for food, water and potty breaks. Shipping by ground will vary in cost depending on your location and is determined by the shipping company we use. When flying our puppies, we use a certified pet nanny to fully escort and hand deliver your puppy to your nearest airport.

This thoughtfully crafted dog food is formulated to meet the unique nutritional requirements of Labrador Retriever puppies up to 15 months old. It contains premium proteins and prebiotics for optimal digestion and energy. With vitamin E and minerals, it supports the immune system and overall health. The kibble size and texture promote dental health. This puppy food provides a tasty and balanced diet to support healthy growth and development, making it an excellent choice for Labrador Retriever puppy owners. This nutritious dog food is made with real chicken and eggs and provides essential vitamins and minerals for healthy digestion, immune function, and overall well-being. It also supports strong bones and healthy skin and coat. Its balanced nutrition and delicious taste make it a satisfying choice for adult Labrador dogs. This high-quality dog food offers a complete nutritional profile at a reasonable price, making it an excellent value-for-money option for pet parents seeking to provide their dogs with a nutritious diet. How to find the best Labrador dog food? Selecting the optimal dog food for your Labrador necessitates the meticulous evaluation of various factors. Look for high-quality ingredients: Choose dog foods that contain high-quality proteins, carbohydrates, and fats and are free from artificial preservatives and fillers. Choose a formula for Labrador Retrievers: Some dog food brands offer recipes designed explicitly for Labrador Retrievers, considering their unique nutritional needs. Suitability with age: Age factors matter a lot when choosing Labrador dog food. Puppies, adult dogs, and seniors have different dietary requirements, so select a formula appropriate for your dog's age. Read the online reviews to get an idea of how other dog owners feel about a particular dog food brand. You may be interested in Product. We may receive commissions from purchases made via our links. Once they reach eight weeks, changing to dry kibble food is best. We recommend feeding a Labrador puppy dry kibble for the first months before changing to an adult food type. But to remain healthy, owners should know what to feed them. Dog owners should feed a Labrador puppy dry food kibble , wet food, or fresh human food, depending on their budget and lifestyle. There are many options for food for dogs, and it can become challenging to determine which one is the best option for the dog. We have found the best options and listed them below. They help us with our daily tasks, are always there when we need them, and bring great joy to our lives. But, it is essential to ensure that our dog gets the best nutrition possible. They have a lot of energy and need to be fed accordingly. This includes the number of calories, food type, and the number of meals per day. We will explain all of these factors to help understand what to feed these precious animals. A Labrador puppy needs high-quality protein in their diet, so they should not be fed just any type of food. This is why we recommend three food options: dry food or kibble, fresh food or human food, or wet food. We prefer using dry food or kibble in most cases, but it is beneficial to start with wet food for young puppies and transition to dry food after a few weeks. Feeding a puppy human food is possible, but it can be more expensive and requires extra work to stick to a cleaner diet at this age. We have found it to be a healthier and more convenient option for our pets. It is also a good alternative to wet food which can be difficult to store and prepare. The benefits of dry dog food are that it offers the pup a balanced diet that doesn't need refrigeration. It also offers convenience because we can buy it in bulk and store it in the pantry or freezer until needed. Dry dog food is also less expensive than wet food, which is another benefit for pet owners. Fresh Food Human Food Feeding a Labrador puppy a diet of fresh, real human food is one of the best things to do for their health and well-being. It will not only make them happy and content, but it will also keep them healthy. This eliminates the guessing game; they are only fed real, natural foods with no unknown ingredients. However, it will become expensive and require regular cooking and preparation. Wet Food Wet food is recommended for Labrador puppies when they are first born and for the first weeks while they grow. It can be either raw or cooked. Wet food is a good source of water and minerals, which are important in the early days of their life to help them grow strong bones and teeth. It should be given to a puppy as soon as it comes out of its mother's womb, but it must not be given before it starts eating solid foods because it will cause diarrhea. Once they get more mature, moving to kibbles is best. It is known for its low level of grain and carbohydrate content and high protein content. Once they reach the week mark, there are better options to help the puppy continue to develop and grow. This food also helps with digestion and weight management. It also promotes proper bone growth with antioxidants and necessary nutrients like vitamin E. The kibble is also shaped strategically to help puppies who chew fast while helping with jaw growth. Overall, this is the best food option for a Labrador puppy. It is designed for all life stages, from puppies to seniors, and we love the benefits it provides to younger labs. The product features a blend of highly digestible proteins, omega-6 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, taurine, and glucosamine. This ensures the dog gets the nutrition they need while also reducing the risk of digestive tract problems such as bloat or pancreatitis. It also has a low glycemic index and no corn, wheat, or soy in the recipe. Dog owners can also expect an excellent protein ratio when using this food. Both veterinarians and nutritionists have recognized it for its high-quality ingredients for young puppies. The Acana High Protein formula is made with a blend of chicken, turkey, and fish meals, whole eggs, and natural beef or lamb meal. The product has a limited ingredient list with no corn, wheat, soy, artificial flavors, or preservatives. It also has no added sugar and a low glycemic index. This food also contains probiotics and prebiotics to help the pet maintain a healthy immune system. This is the perfect dry dog food for puppies after eight weeks old. This brand is also very affordable for those who want to feed their dog a healthy diet without breaking the bank. It features a patented recipe that helps to promote healthy digestion, strong teeth and gums, healthy skin and shiny coat, a strong immune system, healthy joints and muscles, and a healthy heart. This is a high-protein food option for Labradors too. It promotes lean muscle growth and improved body health with omega fatty acids, antioxidants, glucosamine, probiotics 5. It is made with high-quality ingredients and has a great taste and texture for labs to enjoy. This food is to help with puppy development and is suitable for all Labradors under one-year-old. This wet food provides the perfect balance of healthy proteins to support a dog's growth while providing the energy they need to maintain its fitness levels. This can be fed as a meal or as an occasional snack between meals. It has no artificial colors, flavors, preservatives, or added sugar. It also contains omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, which are important for healthy skin and the dog's coat. They are large, strong, intelligent dogs that need a lot of attention, exercise, and food. These dogs can be picky eaters and usually need a lot of calories because of their size. This is especially true for puppies so they can grow properly and remain healthy due to their increased risk of health issues. Food Type Labrador puppies' most popular dog foods are kibbles and canned wet food. Kibbles are the best option for a puppy because they are easy to chew and digest. Canned food is a good option for pups who have difficulty chewing or digesting dry food and would benefit from a little moisture in their diet. The food type also depends on the owner. Dry food or kibbles are faster to prepare, while serving human food to a lab puppy requires extensive prep time. Nutritional Value When it comes to nutritional value, we want dog food that has high-quality protein and carbohydrates. This will help the puppy grow strong and healthy. This is why we need to take into account the nutritional value, quality of ingredients, and taste. It should be made with all-natural ingredients that are sourced from human-grade materials such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. A brand should have all the essential nutrients for a pup but still, be low in toxic elements and preservatives too. Dietary Restrictions Lastly, consider the dietary restrictions of the Labrador puppy before choosing a dog food option. This includes any allergies or health concerns for the dog and shopping for something that suits them best. For example, lab puppies must reach a certain carbohydrate and protein number daily. Labradors are also known to have allergies, especially young ones, so planning around this is crucial. A puppy should be fed at least three times a day, with a meal size that is appropriate for its body weight. They should also be given small daily snacks to keep them satisfied and happy, including treats to help with training. We feed our puppies the best that we can. We want to give them all the nutrients and vitamins they need. We also want to make sure that they are getting a balanced diet. The most important thing when feeding a Labrador puppy is that they get enough calories from their food every day. In the first weeks, the puppy should eat four smaller daily meals. Once the lab reaches three months, this can be changed to three meals per day. And after months, we recommend two meals per day. The key is not to change the calories much when the meals change but to simply modify the size of each meal to fit the total daily food amount. Feeding a Labrador puppy is not rocket science, but there are some things everybody should know about what to feed them and when to feed them. We have covered this basis, but changes need to be made as they age. This leads to a common question about changing food to fit the needs of a grown adult Labrador. The dog's age will determine how quickly they grow and how much energy they need. Lab puppies can stick with kibbles for up to 12 months. Diamond Naturals Dog Food Review An additional reason for there being specific food for puppies is the pieces are smaller which not only prevents them from choking, it also makes the food easier to digest. The pieces are richer, denser and the ideal size for smaller mouths. These ingredients are where your pup gets the nutrients they need to grow and live, nutrients that are sadly lacking in the cheaper dog foods. With foods that are a bit more expensive, your pooch can eat a more well-balanced meal and enjoy it. They eat more, they poop more, and this means house training becomes much harder for you. What you feed your puppy is a major factor in the success of your house training process. Firstly, dry food tends to be more complete and balanced with the correct amount of vital nutrients in it. The ingredients tend to be of better quality as long as you pick the right brand. Plus, dry food helps to keep teeth strong due to being a solid food, and the slightly abrasive nature of the solid food has a natural teeth cleaning effect. It also lasts far longer than cans as you need to feed less of it. Recommended Best Puppy Food For Labs And Large Breeds In this next section we give you 4 of the best foods on the market made from high quality ingredients but still available at a reasonable price. These foods will provide your puppy with all the nutrients they need in just the right mix and quantities, not just so they survive, but so they can truly thrive. Deboned chicken is high quality chicken protein, whereas the chicken and turkey meal is a concentrate. It is nutrient rich with vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin C and vitamin A as well as containing minerals like zinc, iron and calcium. It even has some fruit content like apples and blueberries. The Lactobacillus acidophilus, green tea extract and rosemary extract are all known to help prevent infections. This is a very high-quality food your puppy will truly thrive on and is our top recommendation as the best puppy food for labs. However, if price is no object, K9 is certainly one of the best foods available! K9 Natural Grain-Free Puppy Freeze-Dried Dog Food gives your puppy all the benefits of raw food, aiming for optimum levels of growth and development — not too fast nor stunted — and for lean muscle mass and peak conditioning. Its main ingredient is grass-fed New Zealand beef. And this is rounded out by whole food ingredients like flaxseed, kelp, New Zealand mussel, fruits and veggies, and hoki oil which provides DHA for EPA for healthy brain and eye development. It gets a big thumbs up from us. The first ingredient is bison and is a high quality meat product. The next ingredient is lamb meal, which has a large amount of protein in it being a meat concentrate, percent more than fresh lamb meat. The third highest ingredient is sweet potatoes, which are an excellent source of complex carbs. They contain fiber and beta carotene. In fact, this food consists of approx. This provides your puppy with a source of energy ideal for his busy puppy lifestyle. Overall, this food is highly recommended and your puppy should thrive on it. They also allow regular independent inspections of their manufacturing process and source ingredients the US, EU and NZ. So quality control is well taken care of. The large breed puppy formula contains a scientifically formulated balance of proteins, fats, phosphorous and calcium in just the right amounts and proportions to promote a healthy rate of bone and muscle development, highly important for large breed puppies where excessive nutrients can be just as harmful as malnutrition. The food also contains glucosamine and chondroitin for the health of connective soft tissues which is reassuring for large breeds, and especially Labradors, who can suffer from many joint problems in life. It also contains omega oils for healthy brain development, as well as other fatty acids known to promote healthy skin and coat. So Eukanuba large breed puppy food comes recommended. The fiber in it will help with digestion while it has antioxidants that are known to help keep your dog healthy for many years to come. Royal Canin Breed Specific Labrador Puppy Royal Canin is a very well-known brand with lots of positive reviews from past and present dog owners on Amazon. It has an above average protein content than the minimum recommended for your dog, coming in at 31 percent protein at dry weight. The protein it has comes mostly from chicken by-product meal which is considered somewhat low quality and consists of whatever is left after chickens are slaughtered. However, it does NOT — as you might read elsewhere — consist of anything from feet to beaks. According to dogfoodadvisor. After chicken by-product meal, the second ingredient in this food is brewers rice. The fourth ingredient is corn gluten meal which is a residue left over once most of the useful, starchy carbohydrates have been washed out of it. With such popularity, high ratings and reviews with so many people saying their dogs thrive on this, there must be some truth to it. The third to 5th ingredients are wholesome whole grains that provide high energy from complex carbohydrates that are easy to digest. These are far better than corn and most other sources of carbs found in cheaper foods that are hard for a puppy to get any nutrition from. Out of everything in this product, 40 percent of it is protein, which is higher than average. About 14 percent of it is fat, and of the remainder, 38 percent is carbs. And the omega oils may help reduce risk of developing arthritis. Not only this, but Labradors are a large breed and are more sensitive to nutritional imbalances than smaller breeds. You really do need to get their diet right to do the best for them. Luckily, many brands of food specifically aimed at large breeds and Labradors have been created that provide everything they need in just the right amounts, that are easy for an owner to feed by simply following instructions on the packet. I know there is a lot of conflicting advice out there when it comes to dog food and it can be a nightmare to wade through if trying to find the best puppy food for Labs. So hopefully this article has been of some use to you. A very good resource that does good work for dog food quality awareness. Check them out! Please be aware this page contains affiliate links and Labrador Training HQ receives a small commission if you make a purchase through any such links. This has no effect on the eventual price you pay and we are very grateful for your support. Disclaimer All content on this site is provided for informational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be nor can it be considered actionable professional advice. It must not be used as an alternative for seeking professional advice from a veterinarian or other certified professional. Please consult a professional before taking any course of action with any medical, health or behavioral related issue. Helps ease anxiety in their new home. We love using Bully Sticks to help divert these unwanted behaviors. For a list of all the supplies we get for our new service dog puppies check out our New Puppy Checklist on the PuppyInTraining. Your Lab puppy is going to require a different balance of nutrients than an adult Lab. Different dog breeds are susceptible to different genetic health conditions. Larger breeds, like Labrador Retrievers, are prone to hip and elbow dysplasia. Nutrition plays a vital role in preventing certain health issues. In recent years concern has been raised about a possible link between grain-free and non-grain-free diets that list legumes high on their ingredient list causing heart disease. This may be of consequence to Labradors as the breed is more prone to heart conditions than others. This does not just include Labs, but owners of any large or giant dog breed should be aware of this important information so they can make the most well-informed decision. Image Credit: Didkovska Ilona, Shutterstock Choosing the Best Food While having a list of the best puppy foods is a great start, you still must narrow it down to one. So, how does one choose from a list of great choices? Below we will cover some of the most important things to consider before making your final choice. What Does Your Veterinarian Recommend? Chances are that your veterinarian has dealt with purebred Labrador Retrievers many times before. Dog Food Brand You want to ensure you are choosing a dog food brand that is reputable. Finding a brand that is made with veterinary nutritionists and is backed by scientific research is ideal. If a brand advertises that they participate in AAFCO feeding trials, this means they have invested in research to ensure there are no nutritional deficiencies in the food. The ingredients in any pet food will help you determine the quality of the food. Look for foods that contain real meat as the number one ingredient. Below is a list of ingredients that are best avoided: Ingredients to Avoid. How often and what time to feed I will show you the best puppy foods, whether dry, wet, or raw, and look at food safety, together with schedules, quantities and even a handy puppy diet chart. Best Puppy Food for Labs The best Labrador puppy food provides a diet that is nutritious, healthy, and tasty. So, what is the best puppy food for your Lab? Puppy kibble or dried food is the most popular option. Kibble is complete and can give a perfectly balanced diet. Puppy kibble and tinned dog meat combined is another common choice among puppy parents. Feeding your Labrador puppy on home cooked food or on a totally raw diet is also possible. Raw puppy food is growing in popularity, and there are pros and cons to raw feeding your puppy. People often feel very strongly that one way of feeding is better than another, and you can always find evidence to support your view. Dog breeders, veterinarians and even nutritionists have their own strong views. The dire consequences they list for not listening to them can have puppy owners very worried. The truth is that there is no good quality evidence showing that kibble is better for the long term health of your dog, or that raw feeding is better. There are risks and benefits to both, and the main thing is to ensure that your dog has good quality food to eat. Puppy kibble suits some better, and raw puppy food is better for others. Puppy Kibble for your Labrador Puppy food made into pellets is called kibble. An airtight plastic container or tin will do the job, although you should make sure it is food grade quality. Puppy kibble is the best way of feeding your Labrador according to most breeders and your veterinarian is most likely to support this method of feeding. Good puppy kibble will contain every nutrient your Labrador puppy needs in order to grow and remain healthy. The kibble pieces will be tasty, good for keeping teeth healthy, and free from additives that can provoke allergies or stomach problems. Labrador puppy kibble only needs to be fed next to water. Puppy kibble from a reputable manufacturer is intended to be a complete and balanced food. But some owners like to mix in canned dog food or even scraps of raw food with kibble. Your puppy is likely to get an upset stomach or to not have the right balance of nutrition when fed this way. Whether you decide to feed only with kibble or you want to mix it up, pick a good dried food manufacturer and stick with them. Feeding your Labrador puppy raw food has its benefits and drawbacks. One of the downsides is that there is a lot to learn. Here is a link to the articles you need to help you decide whether or not raw feeding is for you: Although I like the raw diet for my dogs, most puppies fed kibble go on to have long and healthy lives. Whatever puppy food you choose, the most important thing is portion control. How Much to Feed your Labrador Puppy? People often tell me how much their puppy weighs, and ask how much puppy food they should give him. Your Labrador is particularly at risk if they grow too quickly. The following diet chart is for kibble fed puppies and does not apply to raw fed pups. It gives you an idea of how much to feed your Labrador puppy Lab Puppy Feeding Chart The Lab puppy feeding chart below is only a very rough guide. The quantity of food you need for your puppy will vary depending on your puppy and on the brand of food you are feeding him. Labrador puppy food must be aimed at medium to large breed dogs. Check the pack carefully and look at the dietary charts. Ideally, you want the optimal protein content and the lowest amount of additives. Part of this always comes down to the cost. The healthiest puppy food is usually the most expensive and may not be affordable for some families. The Cost Of Puppy Food Some puppy food brands are more concentrated than and contain a higher proportion of proteins, essential oils, and other nutrients. The absence of these fillers means that you can often feed lower quantities of more costly food, making them less expensive than they first seem. You might also find that cheaper brands make your puppy poop more due to those extra fillers going straight through him. While some brands are beyond the budget of many families, it is usually good to buy a premium brand. High Quality Brands of Puppy Food Some brands of puppy food have developed a reputation for producing a high quality product and have many devoted supporters, including breeders that have fed them to generations of puppies.

Elbow Dysplasia Overview Canine elbow dysplasia is a common disorder and has been shown to be more prevalent than hip dysplasia in some breeds. The problem is a congenital, hereditary disease affecting young dogs, usually under one year of age. This mal-alignment causes abnormal pressure or joint loading, and chronic rubbing which wears away the cartilage resulting in severe osteoarthritis. Elbow dysplasia can be broken down into numerous underlying pathologies such as fragmented medial coronoid process, osteochondritis dissecans and medial compartment syndrome just to name a few. Definitive diagnosis is made via CT scanning and arthroscopic examination. Some cases can be treated entirely with arthroscopic procedures. Clinical signs of elbow dysplasia The primary clinical sign of canine elbow dysplasia is limping or lameness. Head bobbing at a fast walk or slow trot is typical of front limb lameness. The lameness is usually not recognizable at a run. Some dogs with elbow dysplasia are reluctant to go for long walks or play for long periods of time. Dogs with elbow dysplasia also have limited range of motion ROM in the elbow joints and have pain on elbow extension and flexion. The limited ROM may cause discomfort and difficulty when lying down in sternal position. Diagnosis of elbow dysplasia The diagnosis of canine elbow dysplasia is based on physical examination, radiographs X-rays , computerized tomography CT Scan and ultimately arthroscopy. The surgeons at CCOR can make a fairly accurate diagnosis of elbow dysplasia and discuss the next steps based on physical examination and simple X-rays alone. CT scanning is often needed for the ultimate, final treatment plan. Arthroscopy is used both as a diagnostic tool and to treat elbow dysplasia. Treatment options for elbow dysplasia The treatment options for canine elbow dysplasia depend on the actual definitive diagnosis. Non-surgical treatments include pain management, physical therapy, nutraceuticals such as glucosamine, and various intra-articular injections. All of these options may be indicated in older dogs, or in conjunction with arthroscopic treatments, but none of the above listed treatments address the underlying problem. A common misconception regarding joint injections stem cells, PRP, etc. Intra-articular injections joint injections are commonly performed but with somewhat variable clinical results. Stem cells, platelet rich plasma PRP , hyaluronic acid HA and glucocorticoid steroids are the typical products injected. Recent studies have shown clinical improvement in some dogs with elbow dysplasia treated with PRP. The duration of improvement is currently unknown, but a best guess would be 6 months. Colorado Canine Orthopedics has extensive experience with intra-articular joint injections and we would be happy to discuss the pros and cons of joint injections for individual patients. Surgical treatment options can be broken down into arthroscopic treatments, osteotomies bone cuts to realign the bones, or a combination of both. Virtually all board certified surgeons agree that dogs with elbow dysplasia require a thorough arthroscopic examination both to evaluate pathology and provide treatment. The arthroscope usually mm in diameter is passed through the opening and into the joint. Joint visualization via magnified arthroscopy is incredibly thorough comparted to open joint inspection which is minimal at best. Bone and cartilage fragments and other joint debris can be identified and removed via arthroscopy. Dogs undergoing arthroscopic elbow surgery have a fair to excellent prognosis depending on the exact diagnosis, degree of incongruency and existing osteoarthritis OA. Nearly all surgeons agree our best defense against progressive OA is to obtain an accurate diagnosis CT and arthroscopic examination , remove any free fragments and minimize abnormal joint contact. Overall, the majority of dogs with elbow problems lead a fairly normal life although some degree of OA is inevitable. Fragmented medial coronoid process Fragmented coronoid process is a subset of elbow dysplasia that affects large and giant breed dogs, particularly Retrievers, Rottweilers, Mastiffs, Bernese Mountain dogs, and German Shepherd dogs. Malalignment and overloading of the medial innermost aspect of the joint compartment are believed to be key in this pathology. Loading or abnormal weight bearing on the medial compartment leads to concurrent cartilage erosions often full thickness and possible fragmentation of the medial coronoid. Diagnosis of fragmented coronoid process and medial compartment disease can be challenging. Radiographs are helpful but not definitive. In our opinion, arthroscopy is the ideal modality for the diagnosis of fragmented coronoid process because it allows accurate diagnosis and treatment of the fragment, as well as cartilage assessment. Traditional open surgery to diagnose fragmented coronoid is antiquated. First and foremost, the surgical approach to the elbow joint that affords the surgeon a thorough inspection is invasive and has moderate post-operative morbidity. Secondly, the arthroscopic visualization of key structures is far superior to an invasive surgical approach. Treatment of fragmented coronoid process in mild cases involves arthroscopic removal of the fragmented bone and cartilage. Arthroscopy is fast, effective, and minimally invasive. Arthroscopic treatment takes between 15 and 30 minutes per elbow and virtually all dogs can be treated on an outpatient basis. In mild cases the prognosis for return to normal activity is excellent. Most dogs return to normal activity within a few weeks to a few months with little or no lameness. In moderate cases, the coronoid process is both fragmented and abnormal in size and shape, cartilage erosion is present on both the medial humeral condyle and the non-fragmented portion of the remaining medial coronoid. In these situations, the fragment is removed and a partial coronoidectomy is performed arthroscopically. An ulnar osteotomy may also be performed in moderate cases. The prognosis for moderate cases of fragmented coronoid process is less certain. If the aforementioned treatments are performed and the cartilage is in fair condition, many dogs have no or minimal lameness and the progression of arthritis is slow. Medial compartment disease In the majority of dogs with chronic severe elbow dysplasia, all of the cartilage on the medial innermost aspect of the joint is worn away, resulting in what is now termed medial compartment disease. Unfortunately, this degree of osteoarthritis is difficult to successfully treat. Arthroscopy can be used to remove any free fragments and the joint. Several osteotomies such as proximal dynamic ulnar osteotomy and PAUL procedure can also be used to treat medial compartment syndrome with variable results. Platelet rich plasma has shown some promise for short term improvement but will not promote cartilage regrowth. Elbow replacement is available, and has been performed at CCOR, but the procedure is new and long-term results are not yet available. Canine osteochondritis dissecans OCD Osteochondritis Dissecans OCD is a juvenile bone disease that can affect the shoulder, stifle, tarsal and elbow joints of young dogs. Osteochondritis Dissecans is a subset of osteochondrosis. Osteochondrosis is a failure of endochondral ossification; the process by which most bones grow and involves juvenile cartilage being replaced by bone. This failure of cartilage becoming bone results in overly thick joint cartilage adjacent to the joint figure 1. The deepest layer of this thickened cartilage is inadequately nourished resulting in cell death figure 2. Cartilage debris and inflammatory mediators are released into the joint fluid and inflammation ensues. Elbow OCD affects young large and giant breed dogs. Limping is the common clinical sign. Many dogs have pain on elbow flexion and extension, as well as limited range of motion. Radiographs are helpful in diagnosing OCD, but CT scanning and arthroscopy are used for definitive diagnosis. Treatment for elbow OCD involves arthroscopic debridement followed by a cartilage grafting procedure called osteochondral autograph transfer system OATS. Artificial cartilage plugs Synacart by Arthrex can also be used to fill the defect. Some forms of biological treatment such as platelet rich plasma or stem cells have also been advocated but will not result in cartilage regeneration despite claims made by some. Canine ununited anconeal process UAP Ununited anconeal process UAP is an elbow disorder most often affecting young German Shepherds, although it can be seen in almost any breed. The underlying problem is not clearly understood. UAP may be associated with malalignment of the elbow joint or a genetic juvenile bone disorder called osteochondrosis. The most common clinical signs are limping and swelling of the elbow joint. Clinical signs usually appear at about months of age. Radiography, CT scan and arthroscopy are used to make the diagnosis. Treatment options include arthroscopy, ulnar osteotomy, fragment removal or fragment re-attachment. Treatment should be initiated as soon as the diagnosis is made. The prognosis is fair to good. Cost of elbow disorder treatments Veterinary specialty care is a double-edged sword these days no pun intended. All major orthopedic procedures are more sophisticated, successful, and less invasive today than they were in the past. These advances come at a cost for the surgeon and client. Fees for elbow arthroscopy includes anesthesia and monitoring, nerve blocks when needed, and routine go home medication. Radiographs and CT scans are charged for separately and should be discussed at the time of the initial consultation. Osteotomies, when required, are charged for separately and should be discussed on a case by case basis. At Colorado Canine Orthopedics we are committed to providing only state of the art, non-compromised pet healthcare. We realize some pet owners may find this level of care relatively costly. However, despite the inherently expensive nature of our work, we are dedicated to providing the highest level of care at the most affordable price possible. We believe if you compare our fees to other specialty practices you will find this true. Back to Top. Elbow dysplasia Elbow lameness: In a young dog, a deformed elbow may be the problem The term dysplasia refers to a developmental defect, where abnormal cells appear in a particular type of tissue or organ. And while hip dysplasia tends to get the headlines for canine orthopedic health, elbow dysplasia can be equally debilitating. Elbow dysplasia is the second-most common cause of elbow lameness in dogs. The first is osteoarthritis, which can be associated with elbow dysplasia. Breed prevalence Rottweilers, Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd Dogs, Golden Retrievers and Chow Chows head the list of breeds with a high prevalence of this orthopedic problem, but any dog can suffer from elbow dysplasia. Large dogs are most likely to develop it, but Pugs are second on the prevalence list produced by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. Elbow dysplasia is a genetic ailment, so breeders are encouraged not to use affected dogs in their breeding programs. While elbow dysplasia cannot be cured, it can be well-managed. With surgery and the appropriate medical management, many dogs have a good long-term prognosis. Some dogs will start refusing to exercise, with a noticeable decrease in their overall activity level. Dogs with this defect often move by turning their paw inward, noticeably holding their elbow out from the body in an attempt to shift weight off the sore part of the joint. If your dog has elbow dysplasia only on one side of their body, you or your veterinarian may notice their lameness earlier. That is the clinical picture if both elbows are affected but one side hurts more than the other. If both elbows are equally affected, then it can be more difficult to pick up on lameness. Most dogs will try to compensate with a shortened stride, and the range of motion in their joints is generally reduced. Another clue is if you see your dog manipulating their leg by extending and flexing the elbow joint — an action that is often associated with pain. Even with a more stoic dog, owners may notice some swelling of affected elbow joints along with abnormal warmth in the area. In dogs, the elbow joint involves three bones: the humerus, ulna and radius. These bones must all work together perfectly to give your dog pain-free movement in their elbow joint. Diagnosis True elbow dysplasia will not be diagnosed before 4 to 6 months of age, when the growth plates in joints are still closing. Most dogs are a couple of months older before a clear-cut diagnosis is made. Most dogs are diagnosed with elbow dysplasia by physical examination and by doing a thorough lameness evaluation at 4 to 12 months of age. In mild cases, however, affected dogs may not show lameness until 7 or 8 years of age, when arthritis kicks in. Diagnosing an elbow problem requires a thorough lameness exam with radiographs. Flexed views of both elbows can show defective areas and identify early arthritic changes. A CT scan and arthroscopic surgery to look into the joint are used to guide diagnosis and therapy. Treatment As with so many health problems, early intervention is best. For mild cases of elbow dysplasia, the goal of surgery is to remove any damaged tissues, which will often help to relieve pain, at least temporarily. Dogs with moderate-to-severe elbow deformities may need extensive surgery to realign the malformed elbow joint. A new option for dogs is surgical elbow replacement, a very difficult, expensive option. There are several elbow replacement systems available, but they all come with very serious complications. We are still diligently working on improving surgical approach and implant designs to reduce complications. Follow-up rehabilitation will be critical. Prevention For any puppy, but especially ones with a greater risk for any orthopedic defect, keeping the puppy trim as they grow is important. Your veterinarian may recommend some joint supplements right from a young age, even for normal pups, and they will encourage moderate exercise. This is when your dog repetitively jumps down off the bed, off the couch, out of your car and other similar movements. Going down long flights of stairs frequently can also add trauma. Many breeders recommend that puppies avoid more than 2 or 3 stairs until 6 months of age or older since the potential for damage is worse for puppies than for adult dogs. Rigorous use of screenings for breeding animals with full public information is currently the best bet for decreasing cases of elbow dysplasia. Normal parents may produce elbow problems, but the incidence is much lower than if one or both parents have bad elbows themselves. He personally recommends taking action as soon as possible to detect pain and lameness early, perform an arthroscopic coronoidectomy, followed by intensive non-surgical supportive care. It has been a humbling experience," he says. I believe it is arrogant to think we can fix it once the problem develops. Some dogs feel very sore with a Grade 1 diagnosis, whereas others rated Grade 3 are minimally lame. Grade 1: Minimal bone change along the anconeal process of their ulna at less than 2 mm Grade 2: Additional bone proliferation along the anconeal process 2—5 mm and subchondral bone changes trochlear notch sclerosis Grade 3: Well-developed degenerative joint disease with bone proliferation along the anconeal process being greater than 5 mm There are three other processes that describe specific types of bony defects in the elbow: fragmented medial coronoid process FCP , osteochondrosis of the humeral condyle and ununited anconeal process. These all fall under the umbrella of elbow dysplasia umbrella, and they all lead to secondary arthritis. Some dogs will be affected on just one side, but many dogs will have problems with both elbows. Fragmented coronoid process is the most common. There is the potential to make them worse, and surgery is expensive. The elbow cannot correct itself. That said, if surgery is impossible for other reasons, then medical-management strategies designed to help with severe arthritis are your next-best choice. Therapies include: Weight management: Simply getting your dog to their normal weight may decrease their pain dramatically. Exercise: Moderate exercise moves the joint and builds cushion. Be sure to use proper warm-up and cool-down periods. For example, if your dog loves to play ball, a minute walk will help loosen their joints so that they can move more freely. Laser treatments, TENs transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation , ice therapy and acupuncture may be worth trying. Pain medications: Your veterinarian may recommend a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSAID , such as carprofen, to help keep your dog comfortable. Joint supplements: Ingredients like glucosamine, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin encourage healthy cartilage and increased joint fluid, which help act as cushions. Work with your veterinarian to choose the best supplement for your dog. Injectables: Adequan is another injectable drug that could help with the accompanying osteoarthritis and pain. Injecting platelet-rich plasma PRP into the joint has also been used with some success in canine elbow dysplasia. Synovetin OA is a new, injectable medication that uses electron therapy to target macrophages and synoviocytes in the painful elbow. It must be injected directly into the affected joint. References 1. Clinical and pathological effects Elbow dysplasia ED is a general term that encompasses five distinct anatomical problems, outlined below, that tend to result in malformation of the elbow joint that leads to early-onset osteoarthritis, of which fragmented medial coronoid process FMCP is one. Ununited anconeal process UAP : The anconeal process is a protrusion of the top of the ulna. Developmentally, it starts as a separate bone which should fuse to the ulna. UAP occurs when this fusion fails to happen. Osteochondrosis dissecans OCD : In OCD an area of joint cartilage develops abnormally or becomes damaged leading to thickening, cracking and fragmentation of the cartilage. Elbow incongruity IC : Dogs with IC have malformed articular surfaces of the three bones that make up the elbow and because of this they do not fit together normally. It can affect the weight-bearing surfaces between the humerus and the radius and ulna and also the way in which the upper part of the ulna fits inside the lower end of the humerus Schwarz .Ununited medial epicondyle UME : This is an uncommon condition in which the medial epicondyle, a bone on the end of the humerus, fails to unite with the humerus during development. At their upper ends, the radius and part of the ulna form a flattened surface that bears the load imposed by the humerus. Most of this articular surface is on the radius but two parts of the ulna are involved: the medial towards the inside of the leg and lateral towards the outside coronoid processes. Figure 1. The three bones of the elbow joint separated and in normal alignment. In a healthy canine elbow joint the ulna and radius form a flat surface for articulation with the humerus. Image property of Phil Witte, to whom we are grateful for permission to reproduce it here. Figure 2. A diagram of the upper end of the ulna illustrating the locations of the coronoid and anconeal processes. The medial coronoid process MCP is located towards the inside of the leg. At birth the medial coronoid process MCP is composed of cartilage. In dogs with an FMCP this cartilage does not turn into bone in the normal way a process called endochondral ossification. There are different theories as to why as outlined below. For a healthy elbow joint it is vital among other things for the ulna and the radius to grow together and create a flat articular surface with the humerus. One theory is that FMCP is caused by the radius not growing in coordination with the ulna, so that the weight passing down from the humerus rests largely and abnormally on the coronoid processes of the ulna. More weight goes medially and this pressure prevents endochondral ossification Ubbink et al .Figure 3. Uncoordinated growth of the elbow joint. If the radius blue is too short relative to the ulna purple , the humerus green applies excessive pressure on to the coronoid processes blue arrow in the diagram , rather than it being distributed evenly across both radius and ulna. The coronoid processes therefore develop abnormally and are prone to fragmentation Image property of Phil Witte, to whom we are grateful for permission to reproduce it here. Another possibility is that abnormal development of the tracheal notch an aspect of elbow IC causes abnormal pressure on the medial coronoid processes MCP and abnormal endochondral ossification in them Wind and Packard a, Wind and Packard b, Ubbink et al .The damaged MCP then does not properly undergo the process that should turn its cartilage into bone endochondral ossification Grondalen and Grondalen , Olsson .Trauma is also a possible cause of the initial damage Guthrie et al .Pieces of bone and cartilage may break off, with these fragments floating in the joint or becoming embedded elsewhere within it. Holes may also be seen in the cartilage. Figure 4. In cases of FMCP, the medial coronoid process breaks off from the ulna as shown in this radiograph. Image property of Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, to whom we are grateful for permission to reproduce it here. Figure 5. A Computed Tomography CT image shows a cross section of the elbow joint, and illustrates the fracture of the medial coronoid process blue arrow from the ulna. The pathology may be somewhat different in different breeds. In the Labrador it tends to be the lateral side of the MCP that breaks but this is held in place by the radius Hazelwinkel .Associated with FMCP there is often a lesion on the adjacent cartilage of the humerus. It has been suggested that both these changes should be encompassed within the term medial compartment disease Kramer et al .Dogs with FMCP develop osteoarthritis degenerative joint disease in the elbow. In osteoarthritis there are progressive changes to the joint cartilage, varying amounts of inflammation and ongoing damage to other joint structures - the joint capsule, joint fluid and surrounding bone. These changes are often present by months of age and lead to clinical signs later. Typical signs include: stiffness after rest, lameness which can be worse after exercise and reduced mobility of the joint, with the leg tending to be held twisted outwards abducted and suppinated. Such signs are indistinguishable from those shown in other forms of elbow dysplasia and imaging of the joint is usually needed to make a definitive diagnosis Schwarz .Affected dogs may be treated with rest and pain-killers, and often treatment needs to be life long. Various surgical procedures have been recommended but there is no clear consensus as to which is best. Some of these procedures involve major surgery, including removing whole sections of the ulna in order to shorten it Burton and Owen b. The male bias may be associated with the greater weight of males Hazelwinkel .Return to top 2. Intensity of welfare impact MCPF causes pain and disability associated with osteoarthritis. This can vary from mild to severe. Welfare may also be affected as a result of the veterinary investigations and treatments of the disease. Figure 6a Figure 6b Figure 6a and b. Osteoarthritic changes to the shape and structure of the elbow joint secondary to FMCP. The shaded areas on figures 6a extended elbow and 6b flexed elbow represent secondary changes to the bones as a result of FMCP. Return to top 3. Duration of welfare impact The mild to severe pain and disability seen in this disease can be expected to start during the first few months of life and, without successful treatment, to continue for life. Treatment may help but keeping affected dogs free from pain and avoiding disabilities is often not possible Return to top 4. In their studies of inheritance of elbow dysplasia, Guthrie and Pidduck found that 1. Diagnosis FMCP will be suspected by a veterinary surgeon when presented with a Labrador showing forelimb pain and elbow disease. Determining the type of elbow disease, its extent and the degree of secondary osteoarthritis requires further diagnostic procedures. In other cases there are typical secondary changes of osteoarthritis than lead to FMCP being suspected Burton and Owen a. Magnetic resonance imaging MRI or computerised tomography CT scanning are more sensitive methods of detection and are increasingly being used Burton and Owen a. Exploratory surgery is used to find fragments of bone, this is both diagnostic and can be therapeutic. This surgery may be via an arthroscope a small fibre optic instrument to look directly into the joint through a small key-hole incision van Ryssen and van Bree .It has been suggested that the best combination of diagnostic tests is CT plus arthroscopy Moores et al .Return to top 6. Maki et al gave a figure of 0. The heritability probably varies according to the breeding line of the individual; Ubbink et al found heritability varied from 0. Multiple genes are involved in the condition Padgett et al .Efforts to identify the genes involved in FMCP are underway but, as with other forms of elbow dysplasia, these are complicated by the difficulty of identifying animals that are definitely free of the disease Clements , Salg .Although different forms of elbow dysplasia sometimes occur together in some individuals sometimes Meyer-Lindenberg et al they are probably not linked genetically or pathogenically so should be considered separately when searching for genetic causes Innes .It is known that the father and mother contribute equally to the likelihood of the development of elbow dysplasia Maki et al .Return to top 7. How do you know if an animal is a carrier or likely to become affected? Affected dogs should not be used for breeding. Affected puppies can be produced from apparently normal parents Hazelwinkel and Nap .Determining carriers - those which carry and may pass on the gene s but which do not show signs of the disease themselves - is not currently possible. Return to top 8. Methods and prospects for elimination of the problem A voluntary scheme for grading the elbows of dogs susceptible to elbow dysplasia all forms has been operating in the UK since although it has been suggested that breeder uptake is relatively low Sampson .Radiographs taken by a local veterinary surgeon are forwarded to veterinary radiologists on the scheme panel for assessment. Each elbow is graded , with zero meaning that no evidence of elbow dysplasia was seen. If the two elbows have different grades the higher of the grades is the one used for the dog. The scheme recommends that dogs used for breeding should have grades of zero or one and that those with higher scores are not bred from. No evidence has yet been published as to whether this scheme is reducing elbow dysplasia in the Labrador. A comparable scheme, run in Sweden since , requires that all Labradors are screened in order to be allowed onto the breeding register Hedhammar and Malm .This scheme has reduced the prevalence of elbow dysplasia in Bernese Mountain dogs Swenson et al , Malm et al but data are not available on its impact in Labradors. Like other complex, multi-gene diseases in which environmental factors also play a part, good progress in reducing the prevalence of FMCP is likely to be aided by greater knowledge of the underlying genetics. One approach is to breed from dogs that have better breeding value see below than average for the breed Sampson .This takes account of both the individual being evaluated and its relatives Malm et al .Out-breeding Labradors with breeds known to have a much lower prevalence of FMCP and elbow dysplasia ED in general may lead to fewer dogs being born with a lifetime of painful joint problems before them. Return to top 9. Written by Dr. It occurs when the bones that make up the elbow joint don't come together just right, leading eventually to painful movement in the forelimb. The elbow is made up of the humerus the long bone of the upper forelimb , which communicates at the joint with the radius and ulna the two bones that comprise the lower forelimb below it. All these bones need to fit together just right for the elbow to withstand a lifetime of wear and tear. When they don't, "elbow dysplasia" is the descriptive term applied to the condition and its resulting symptoms. To make matters even more confusing, a variety of diseases specific to the elbow are considered different forms of elbow dysplasia: Ununited anconeal process UAP Fragmented medial coronoid process FMCP Osteochondritis dessicans of the medial humeral condyle OCD Ununited medial epicondyle UME Elbow incongruity All these problems may ultimately affect the elbow because the joint just wasn't "made right. Because arthritis also known as "ostoearthritis" and synonymous with joint inflammation is the result of the uncomfortable movement when the bones of the joint aren't properly aligned, this problem is sometimes confused by owners as a normal process of aging dogs. Nonetheless, the joint malformation that causes elbow dysplasia is the most common underlying cause of elbow arthritis in dogs of all ages. So think of the arthritis as a symptom we need to treat--not as the cause itself. Though trauma to the elbow can lead to the same kinds of changes to the elbow produced by elbow dysplasia, this disease is most commonly the result of genetic factors that lead to less than optimal joint conformation. Symptoms and Identification Dogs affected with elbow dysplasia may show signs of mild to moderate pain and lameness in the forelimbs as early as four months of age. But some will not show signs of this disease until later in life. Both elbows are typically involved, but one may be much more grievously affected. The timing of the symptoms' arrival is typically related to the severity of the joint's abnormality. Dogs who show no signs until later in life are typically those who have already developed arthritis inflammation in the joint from uncomfortable rubbing of the joint's misaligned components. Diagnosis of elbow dysplasia is typically arrived at through X-rays confirming visible changes to the joint. But a history of front-limb lameness in a young dog or palpable thickening of the elbow evidence of arthritis usually raises the alarm. CT scans of the area can also be very helpful to identify the exact version of elbow dysplasia present, but a surgical exploratory usually through arthroscopy, but also through open-joint surgery is considered the best way to determine the extent of the joint's damage. Affected Breeds Large breed dogs are most affected. The elbow joint is a Figure 1; The lower bones of the elbow of the dog. The radius is at the front and the ulna at the back. If the 3 bones do not fit together perfectly due to growth abnormalities, abnormal weight distribution on areas of the joint occur causing pain, lameness, and the development of arthritis. Elbow dysplasia is a disease that encompasses several conditions grouped into medial compartment disease fragmented coronoid process FCP , osteochondrosis OCD , joint incongruity, and cartilage anomaly and ununited anconeal process UAP. The cause of ED in dogs remains unclear. There are a number of theories as to the exact cause of the disease that include genetics, defects in cartilage growth, trauma, diet, and so on. It is most commonly suspected this is a multifactorial disease in which causes the growth disturbances, Figure 1. Elbow dysplasia is an inherited condition that can occur in most dog breeds but is most commonly seen in large to giant breed dogs. Bernese Mountain Dogs, German Shepherds, and Golden retrievers among others are predisposed to UAP while Labrador retrievers, German Shepherds, and Golden retrievers have an increased predilection among other breeds for developing medial compartment disease. Unfortunately, once the elbow joint has been damaged through either cartilage loss, medial compartment disease or an ununited anconeal process, inflammation and further cartilage damage occurs. Ultimately this causes progressive arthritis of the elbow joint leading to pain and loss of function. Affected dogs develop a front limb lameness that typically worsens over a period of weeks to months. Lameness is usually worse after exercise and typically never completely resolves with rest. Often both fore legs are affected, which can make detection of lameness difficult, as the gait is not asymmetric. When both elbows are involved the dog usually becomes unwilling to exercise for long periods or may even refuse to complete a walk. Diagnostics Diagnosis of elbow dysplasia is usually performed with a combination of clinical examination and x-rays. Usually the dog has pain on fully bending or extending the elbow and often your veterinarian will want to watch your dog walk or trot to detect any lameness. X-rays will typically shows signs of arthritis but may also show the presence of small bone fragments in the joint or an ununited anconeal process Figures 2 and 3. Your veterinarian may also choose to refer you to a specialist veterinary surgeon for more advanced diagnostic procedures to be performed. Figure 2: an ununited anconeal process UAP in an 18 month old dog. Note the large unattached fragment at the top of the joint arrow Figure 3: Advanced arthritis. Note the new bone deposited around the joint arrows and the increased density of the bone under the joint cross. Figure 4: Arthroscopic image of a fracture coronoid fragment arrow with severe cartilage damage to the humerus diamond and ulna cross. Figure 5: A 3D reconstruction from a CT scan showing a medial coronoid fragment arrow Treatment Treatment depends on the severity of the disease in the elbow. In most cases surgery is recommended, but your veterinarian may recommend medical management if the problem is very mild or so severe that the joint may not likely benefit from routine surgery. Treatment will depend on the primary cause of the elbow dysplasia. Often surgery is best performed arthroscopically, but conventional open surgery can also be done. Joint replacement if the elbow is severely diseased Figure 6: Removal of a medial coronoid fragment by arthroscopy. Figure 7: A proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy. This is one of two procedures used to shift weight away from the damaged part of the joint to a health part of the joint. Aftercare and Outcome Surgery aftercare will depend on the type of surgery performed, and your veterinarian will advise you of exactly what is required. In general your dog will need to be quiet and confined for a period of time, usually from 2—6 weeks or more. The outcome will vary between dogs, but in general the more mild the disease and the earlier it is treated, the better the long-term outcome. Most dogs will benefit from surgical treatment even if disease is more advanced, but unfortunately once arthritis is established it will slowly progress regardless of any treatment. Unfortunately elbow dysplasia cannot be cured but it can be well managed and our patients can have a good long term prognosis and outcome with a combination of surgical and medical management.

Instagram: Royal Frenchies Insta 2. They are small home-based hobby breeders. The French Bulldog and the puppies are like their loving family members. They bred puppies and dogs lived a comfortable life and used to sleep and eat with them like a family. They tell us that we believe in quality, not quantity. Due to this reason, they only breed the healthiest French Bulldogs, which have the healthiest temperament and conformation for their breeding program. Their puppies are raised in a family-based environment. Due to this reason, they are well socialized and loving. Their dogs are raised with children. Red Truck Bulldogs Ontario, Canada Their puppies are cute, stunning, affectionate, clownish, and charismatic. They keep puppies with mom from the very first day until you take them with them. They will teach proper socialization and obedience to your puppy. Their French Bulldogs are bred and raised at home with a family and friendly environment. Their main goal and aim are to ensure that your puppy will be healthier, loving, happier, caring, and well socialized. Due to this reason, they used to raise their puppies with children, adults, and other dogs. Their main target is to ensure the quality and give you the best, healthy, and well-socialized puppy. They are famous French Bulldog breeders in Ontario for their love and affection for the Bulldogs. They treat their dogs and puppies like their family. Their puppies and dogs are raised in a friendly environment around children, adults, other dogs, etc. Their dogs are also happier, loyal, loving, caring, and well socialized because they are raised among the other dogs, adults, and children. Location: Alberta, Canada. Showing 1 - 40 of resultsPage 1 - results Sort by Your listing deserves to be on top. TheStudMuffin and I am a handsome boi. I was born January 3rd, .I am a blue Merle. My mom had my genetics and health traits tested.Puppies are ready to go to their new homes. We have 2 males and 1 female available. All our puppies are very happy.Pups have been vet checked at 2 and 4 weeks, and.Interacts with our family daily and are pee pad trained. They have been exposed to all kinds of snuggles and extra love that.They come from a CKC mom and dad! Both parents are small and compact. Website : Georgianbayfrenchies. Litter 2 was born July 1 and has 7 puppies 3 girls 4 boys. My puppies are raised under.Best offer. Hamilton We have a beautiful litter of 7 French Bulldogs. Here is what left: 1. Blue boy. Merle boy blue eyes. Merle boy. Shots and deworming are done. Puppies will come with the starter kit. He is playful, healthy, beautiful color. Fawn with black mask He is full of character. He loves the outdoors. And playing ball. He gets.Look no further than these rare French bulldogs! These adorable pups are unlike any other Frenchies you'll find on the market, and.Parents have no health issues. His colour is light fawn and his eyes are light brown. Mother is a French bulldog and the dad is a jack russel shih szu mix. She is great with kids and others dogs. Temperament is amazing along with a phenomenal build and body structure. Female 2. Female 3. Male They come vet checked, and fully vaccinated with certificates of health. They are very loving and playful , love.All puppies are born in Ontario, Canada. This is a full hands on kennel with.Cambridge We have 2 beautiful French Bulldogs looking to go to their forever homes. They are 4 months old and are up to date on all vaccines including rabies. Born July 19th. Ready for their furever families September 14th. One male available! Home born and.Our adorable female French Bulldog has created an adorable litter of pups, all vaccinated, dewormed and healthy. Looking for families to love them! We live in Mississauga, We have 6 cute puppies in total. PM for more pics and info Blue tan: one boy. She is a diva, very smart and sweet, loves to snuggle under the blankets, gets the zoomies and needs to be spoiled. Up to date.They have been raised in a family environment with kids as well as cats. They have started.Pupies were born on July 6th. Parents are on site and puppies raised under foot. Microchipped and vaccinated as well as dewormed. Puppies will go home with a.Both parents have been cleared from breed known diseases. No allergies. Our pups are raised in our home and come pre socialized with people including children and other dogs! So if you're thinking about becoming a French bulldog pawrent, let's chat! Joining the My Pawesome Frenchie community today to learn from and engage with other Frenchie owners to help you get prepared for the most amazing decade of your life If you're excited about French bulldogs, you've come to the right place. Will I be supplied a contract? Yes I do have a wait list. This fee does not go toward the final payment of your puppy. This fee is to give your priority to have first pick. If you take a pass on a puppy then you will be moved to the bottom of the list. I typically do not add more then .Typically I only add people to the wait list who are looking to get a dog within then next months. Do you have a wait list? Once a you have had a Facetime interview you will be presented with the option to move forward. Once you have decided on the puppy you would like to welcome into your home you will be make you deposit and then a pick up date will be planned. The balance must be paid the day of pick up before you take your puppy home. How Does the process work? Showing 1 - 40 of resultsPage 1 - results Sort by Your listing deserves to be on top. Dewormed, first vaccinations and clear health check. These babies are desensitized to.Interacts with our family daily and are pee pad trained. They have been exposed to all kinds of snuggles and extra love that.They come from a CKC mom and dad! Both parents are small and compact. Website : Georgianbayfrenchies. Shipping by seller French bulldog puppies London I have 2 litters of French bulldog puppies litter 1 was borne on June 28th and has 6 puppies 3 girls 3 boys. Litter 2 was born July 1 and has 7 puppies 3 girls 4 boys. My puppies are raised under.Best offer. Hamilton We have a beautiful litter of 7 French Bulldogs. Here is what left: 1. Blue boy. Merle boy blue eyes. Merle boy. Shots and deworming are done. Puppies will come with the starter kit. My French bulldog used it when he was weeks old. No damage no dirt or rip. Pickup at Toronto downtown or.Used 1 time. Perfect condition no damage. My dog is a French bulldog used it when he was 3 month old. Pick up at Toronto downtown. I can do shipping as well. He is playful, healthy, beautiful color. Fawn with black mask He is full of character. He loves the outdoors. And playing ball. He gets.Look no further than these rare French bulldogs! These adorable pups are unlike any other Frenchies you'll find on the market, and.Parents have no health issues. His colour is light fawn and his eyes are light brown. Mother is a French bulldog and the dad is a jack russel shih szu mix. She is great with kids and others dogs. Temperament is amazing along with a phenomenal build and body structure. Female 2. Female 3. Male They come vet checked, and fully vaccinated with certificates of health. They are very loving and playful , love.All puppies are born in Ontario, Canada. This is a full hands on kennel with.Decorative Throw Pillows for Couch Bed Sofa with Zip CoversAn easy fun way to add a pop of colour or bring new life to any room in your home or office is with these beautiful Animal throw pillows. Dress up your bed sofa or lounger with this decorative design art pillows. Shipping by seller French Bulldog Puppies! Cambridge We have 2 beautiful French Bulldogs looking to go to their forever homes. They are 4 months old and are up to date on all vaccines including rabies. Born July 19th. Ready for their furever families September 14th. One male available! Home born and.Our adorable female French Bulldog has created an adorable litter of pups, all vaccinated, dewormed and healthy. Looking for families to love them! We live in Mississauga, We have 6 cute puppies in total. PM for more pics and info Blue tan: one boy.

Welcome to the Missouri state page on TrustedPuppies. Located in the heart of the Midwest, Missouri is known for its beautiful landscapes, bustling cities, and a wide variety of dog-friendly activities. Our goal is to connect you with the most exceptional MO Golden Retriever breeders and puppies for sale in the region, ensuring you find the ideal companion for your family. Our site features a wide variety of reputable breeders who specialize in raising healthy and happy puppies. Our Missouri breeders are committed to raising the highest quality puppies. They provide their puppies with all the necessary vaccinations and veterinary checkups to ensure they are in the best of health before they go to their forever homes. They also provide ongoing support and advice to ensure a smooth transition for both you and your new furry friend. Discover the diverse dog-friendly scene in Missouri, featuring inviting restaurants, spacious dog parks, and engaging dog shows. Enjoy outdoor fun with your pup at popular dog parks such as Tower Grove Park in St. Louis or Cosmo Park in Columbia. For those passionate about dog shows, events like the Missouri Rhineland Kennel Club Dog Show provide an opportunity to appreciate the elegance and charm of Golden Retriever canines while connecting with fellow enthusiasts. With an estimated 1. At TrustedPuppies. Most of our reputable Golden Retriever breeders provide safe and affordable flight delivery, complete with a dedicated flight nanny who accompanies your new pup throughout their journey, ensuring their safety and comfort as they travel to their new home in Missouri. Many breeders also offer affordable vehicle delivery, utilizing specialized pet delivery services. This option allows your Golden Retriever puppy to be transported directly to your door by a professional who understands the unique requirements of pet transportation. Begin your search for the perfect Golden Retriever puppy on TrustedPuppies. A healthy male Golden Retriever weighs between 65 to 75 pounds while growing up to 23 to 24 inches tall. A female weighs between 55 to 65pounds and can grow up to .How long does it take a Golden Retriever to reach its full size? For Golden Retrievers, full physical maturity takes one to two years. Once this is attained, its bones become fully grown and can perform the same amount of physical exercise as an adult dog. Do Golden Retrievers smell? Golden Retrievers often smell bad because of its thick water-resistant coat. You can, however, maintain its cleanliness to control its bad odor. How can you keep a Golden Retriever healthy? There are several ways to keep this dog healthy few of which are high-quality food, providing it with plenty of clean and freshwater, developing a good feeding schedule, etc. How many times a day should a Golden Retriever be fed? The required food for a Golden Retriever is dependent on its age, activity level, size and built. Vets recommend about 2 to 3 cups of high-quality dry food per day for two meals. How much exercise does a Golden Retriever need? This dog is a sporting breed and therefore requires a whole lot of exercise when fully grown, high-intensity exercise is very beneficial to it. Is it alright to get a Golden Retriever in a hot climate? The Golden Retriever can thrive well in hot climates; all it requires is a shaded and aerated area with lots of water. However, it should not be allowed to exercise too much in the heat. What age can a Golden Retriever Puppy be brought home? A puppy Retriever should not be taken from its mother earlier than when it is 8 weeks old. This is because up until that age, it gets important socialization and learns important skills from its mother and siblings. Should a Golden Retriever be left indoors or outdoors? A Golden Retriever naturally wants to be with its family, if its family is indoor, you will find it right there with them. Does a Golden Retriever bark a lot? The Golden Retriever is not one to bark a lot except in cases of boredom or mental stimulation. Are you interested in purchasing a Golden Retriever? Fill out the below form and we'll get back to you as soon as possible.

Golden Retriever Puppy Price Tiruchirappalli Golden Retriever Dogs are Affectionate, easygoing and lovable companion dogs and they are having a very playful personality, they are large dogs. Golden Retriever happily lives with the family and he is an excellent and perfect family dog. He is not a watch dog and might barks when he see strangers around him. Golden retriever dogs are very intelligent and have very beautiful feathery coat. So, if you are looking to adopt Golden Retriever puppy in Tiruchirappalli and you are willing to know more about the Golden Retriever puppy price in Tiruchirappalli or Golden Retriever cost in Tiruchirappalli then you are landed on the right place. We help them and provide pet a new loving and caring pet parents. Please mention in comments if you willing to do free adoption. Golden Retriever puppies are available in gold,white gold, off white, creamy, dark gold almost chocolate colour What we offer is: First see the Golden Retriever puppy, Ensure and feel the quality and if you feels that, this is what you need, then only pay. We only deal with Original Breeds. Happy puppy makes the family more happy. Definitely, you will heard from other mediums, that Golden Retriever cost around 15,Rs ,Rs but please beware of mixed breeds, fake sellers and any type of fraud. Before buying the puppies please check the purity and originality of breed then only buy the Golden Retriever puppy or Golden Retriever dog from them. Below we have given the important things which you can consider while checking the quality of golden retriever baby. Remember Original breed is Original because only original breed should have Good Temperament and Qualities which the Original Golden Retriever breeds should have and Golden Retriever cost in Tiruchirappalli depends on that originality only. We will share some below important information here related to Golden Retriever puppy such as: 1. Information of Golden Retriever dog in Hindi such as height, weight, age etc. Name of some Pet shops in Tiruchirappalli along with their addresses. Dog should be vaccinated with required vaccination. Vaccination card should be given by the seller. Golden Retriever puppy or Dog health should be good and he should not be aggressive and most important puppy should be happy. Surety of Better breed and for puppies future health 5. Government guidelines has to be following while purchasing and doing sale of Golden Retriever baby in Tiruchirappalli with proper documentation. Basic Information of Golden Retriever Dog: Golden Retriever dogs are easy to train dogs because of their intelligence. Golden retriever dogs are very active, playful, gentle and they are best suited for everyone either someone is single, couple or family. Golden Retriever enjoy spending time with family, his eyes is so kind and he is so affectionate that no one will miss to love him. Golden retriever have thick, double and long length coat looks like creamy golden teddy bear. Golden Retriever dogs do not like to be alone for a long time. The life span of Golden Retriever dogs is around 10 years. The height of Golden Retriever adult dog can reach up-to inches and their weight can be up-to kilograms. Golden Retriever dogs are very intelligent and have gentle, even tempered and kind temperament. For Original Golden Retriever breed you can directly contact us. We ensure you and will make sure that you will be not disappointed and you will get the dog which you want. No one can compete us with the given Golden Retriever puppy price in Tiruchirappalli or Golden Retriever dog price in Tiruchirappalli and the services provided by us. We only deal with best, original and genuine breed. Please make sure while adopting a Golden Retriever dog in Tiruchirappalli or any other pet animal either from us or from any other pet shop in Tiruchirappalli that the government guidelines should be followed and well documented. Because buying a documented pet animal following government guideline ensures that you will receive the original breed, healthy breed and whatever age of the pet animal was told by the seller would be correct. If you are looking to adopt the Golden Retriever puppy in Tiruchirappalli from the pet shop. There are lots of pet shops in Tiruchirappalli. Golden retriever cost in Tiruchirappalli can vary as we have discussed above. We hope the information shared by us above will help you to adopt original and healthy breed. After all the adopted dog is the one who make our family smile especially our Kids and believe us when you return from your work your dog will do all the thing which makes you happy and to remove all your tensions. Feel free to contact us for any information required on pet animals. Be Happy with Your Pet and give them lots of love. Regular home breeders Puppy mill Golden Retriever — Avoid at all costs Puppy mills are horrible places that are run by people whose sole purpose is to make money. Their dogs are badly maintained, poorly fed, and kept alive only to produce puppies. You want to avoid buying your Golden Retriever puppy from such places. These people buy genetically weak and crossbred dogs for a low price and use them as their breeding stock. You can easily spot a puppy mill seller; his price is generally low, and they will never allow you to see the puppy with its mother. They use terms such as heavy bone, double coat, show quality, and show-winner to lure people. Buying a large dog like the Golden Retriever from places like these can result in severe problems down the road. Your puppy can have genetic issues or, worse, can turn out to be an aggressive dog. We recommend that you never rush into buying a puppy. Golden Retrievers are large dogs that will soon become part of your family. Not all pet shops are bad. Some pet shops belong to reputable breeders, but pet shops, in general, are not the place to get your Golden Retriever puppy. Never pay for a puppy if you cannot see it along with its mother. To verify if the pet shop is an authentic breeder of Golden Retrievers, ensure the following. Insist on meeting the Golden Retriever breeder and speaking to them about their dogs Meet the puppy along with its mother. Insist on KCI certification for both the puppy and the parents Read our post on questions to ask your breeder to learn more about your breeder. Buying a Golden from a Broker Getting connected with a dog breeder through a broker is a great idea. Talking to the broker will help you understand its background. Did you know, most Golden Retriever sales in India are through brokers. They play a vital role in bringing buyers to sellers. A good broker will directly take you to the dog breeder and be happy to answer all your queries. These are serious Golden fanciers who love their dogs and breed them at their homes. If you are looking to buy a Golden Retriever, you can consider buying from regular breeders. We recommend that you get in touch with them directly or through a broker and speak to them about their dogs. Ask for KCI certificates to verify the lineage. Once you make up your mind to buy a puppy, visit their home, and meet their dogs. If you are lucky, you can get a top-quality dog at a low price. The best place to start your search for a reputable breeder is dogsindia. This website has a list of top breeders in the country. Remember, the quality of a pup dictates its price. Buying from a top breeder will be expensive. However, it will guarantee the quality of your puppy. Buying a Golden Retriever from a reputable Breeder The best place to buy a Golden Retriever in India today is from a reputable breeder. Reputable breeders and top Golden Retriever kennels in India are home to some of the top Goldens in the world. While the price of the Golden might be higher, you can rest assured of its quality and health. Remember, the additional money that you pay will guarantee a worry-free ownership experience for you. How do I find a reputable Golden Retriever breeder? There are several reputable breeders in India. You can start your search at dogsindia. Most of the top kennels have a listing on dogsindia. The dog food factor Dog food for your Golden Retriever will be your highest recurring expense. For an exotic dog such as the Golden Retriever, high-quality dog food is vital. Dogs on low-quality dog food never reach their full potential no matter from whom you buy the puppy. We recommend that you choose a brand that offers breed-specific dog food. Your dog food cost will vary depending on the brand. We recommend that you read our review of the top dog food in India to choose the right dog food for your dog. The vet factor Before you buy a puppy, it is good to visit a veterinarian near your home. Speaking with the vet will give you a good idea of all the medical expenses you can incur for a Golden Retriever. The following are some of your recurring vet costs. Vaccination cost.

Use tab to navigate through the menu items. Shipping is available if you are not within driving distance. Welcome to North Georgia Labradoodles! We are a small family breeder of Labradoodles located in Northeast Georgia. We are a mother and daughter team and have been breeding top quality dogs for years. We aquired our first labradoodle in and fell head-over-heels in love with the Labradoodle temperment. We raise our sweet Labradoodles right here in our home where they can get the love and socialization that they need. Our dogs share our home, occupy our couches, our laps and our beds. Our dogs are not simply a business, they are cherished members of the family. We focus on raising beautiful, loving, healthy, intelligent, allergy and asthma-friendly companions for you and your family. All puppies are raised in our home with individual love and socialization. Our parents are health tested and our puppies come with a one year health guarantee. North Georgia Labradoodles breeds standard-sized, multi-generational Labradoodles. Our puppies are bred for temperament, health, personality and — of course — looks! Yes, these puppies are incredibly adorable, but beauty is not the only thing that makes them special. Their cuteness, combined with their inherent intelligence and gentle temperament, makes these puppies completely irresistible. We think that starts with the parents. We health test before choosing our breeding dogs to ensure the healthiest puppies possible. We test using PawPrint Genetics. Click below to view the testing and results. That means we health test our dogs to the highest standards offered by the Australian Labradoodle Association of America and abide by their code of ethics, as well as our own. We hand raise our puppies in our home as part of our family. They are well socialized with children, our cats, and various other pets. Our puppies health and happiness are of utmost importance to us and we strive to place them in wonderful forever families that will provide them with love, training, exercise and socialization to ensure a lifetime of happiness for all. Our 3rd party temperament testing helps greatly with this process. We operate on Kingdom principles meaning we operate out of love and integrity and stand by our genetic health guarantee and are here for a lifetime of support for your and your new puppy. We are honored to serve by placing quality companion puppies in your home. Each pedigree submitted is researched and verified to ensure authenticity and health testing. The Australian Labradoodle has been bred for generations back for temperament, health, structure, and coat quality. Click here for current puppy pictures and pictures from previous litters. Mini and Medium Pups available for June and July pick-up! This helps us match your family with a puppy that best suits your lifestyle. Our puppies are a part of our family and the health and maintenance over their lifetime mean a lot to us. So much attention to detail and every decision made and guidelines strictly followed, all with the end result in mind of creating the highest quality labradoodles on the planet. Weirdest coolest thing ever when you have never had one of your pups. We had airedales — opposite of Jia- aloof as can be. Reads you, knows you; you read her; you know her. Total human in dog form. Best thing ever! You have a gift of breeding the best tempered companions, and companions are vital on all the twists and turns that life brings. I fully believe you took something God planted in your heart and honored Him. So grateful we were lucky enough to have one. You have been faithful to Him in this calling, and I know He who promised is faithful to you! We breed multigenerational Australian Labradoodles and American Labradoodles. Our goal is producing loving Australian Labradoodle puppies and American Labradoodle puppies to add to your family: with hypo allergenic qualities, beautiful wavy fleeces and curles and exceptionally smart. A smart dog is a happy dog, they are easily trained which adds to the enjoyment of your new family member. We have chocolate Australian labradoodle puppies for sale, chocolate parti Australian labradoodle puppies for sale merle Australian labradoodle puppies for sale and many other color Australian labradoodles for sale. Our puppies will be smart like their parents who know both hand signals as well as voice commands. Many of our past puppies have become service dogs for Epileptic Seizure Services, Hospice Services, and other Service related settings. Why do our dogs make such Great Service Dog Candidates, our wonderful Rocky passes his wonderful calm demeanor to all of his puppies. Also, many people love the look of our Merle labradoodles - They are absolutely stunning. We tend to have clients in the Chattanooga, Tennessee and Huntsville, Alabama areas that have a found interest in our Miniature Australian Labradoodles and clients in Florida are particularly interested in our Merle Australian Labradoodles. Of course clients in Dallas Texas and parts of Illinois have added our Standard size Australian Labradoodles to there households. Whether clients are on vacation or simply enjoying the local park, It's exciting when we hear reports from our owners that they ran into another Australian Labradoodle that turns out to be a Lord and Lady Labradoodle all over the country. And clients never cease to tell stories of how people they meet rant and rave over there Lord and Lady Australian Labradoodle. Serving Atlanta and the South East for 12 years! The Australian Labradoodle is different from all other labradoodles In the mids, The Australian Guide Dog Association received an inquiry from a blind lady requesting a guide dog that would not cause her allergies to flare. To achieve a hypoallergenic dog they needed to breed their proven Labradors to a dog that was already non-shedding, hence the Standard Poodle. The resulting Labradoodles subsequently have been bred to each other, continuing the multi-generational tradition without ever having to go back to the parent breed of the Labrador or Poodle. Even when the other types of Labradoodles are bred on for generations, the result is not an Australian Labradoodle, as the attributes of the infused breeds were not included in their ancestry. We have also produced many therapy and service dogs in Atlanta and the surrounding areas. Our puppies are birthed in our home and raised in our acre farm in the suburbs of Atlanta. Labradoodle puppies for adoption Atlanta Georgia. Australian Labradoodles near me Thank you to all of our Families.

Most of them are deeply attached to their master and would be content in staying in their laps just like the Pug. The Dachshund Pug mix always craves for a company and would resort to destructive activities when left alone for prolonged periods. They are extremely cautious and wary when strangers are around the domain of their home, while a few might even be aggressive enough the moment they spot an unknown face like the Dachshund, a trait that makes them excel as good watchdogs. However, once they get to understand that the unfamiliar person is of no harm to their family, the Daug would display friendliness towards them. They are frequent barkers, a trait inherited from its Dachshund parent and may be quite vocal about the intrusion of an unknown person into its territory. They get along well with children also sharing a comfortable rapport with other dogs and non-canine pets, provided they have been brought up or socialized to interact with them. However, they might display a territorial nature and even an urge to chase smaller pets, thus needing supervision during their interaction. Care Exercise Though an energetic breed, they have low exercise needs and would suffice with one long walk or two short ones on a daily basis. Since they thrive well in apartments, giving them balls, soft toys and other interactive playthings would help in providing mental stimulation. Grooming Since the Pugsund is a low to moderate shedder, it has low grooming requirements, being perfect for busy owners. Combing it on a bi-weekly basis using a brush with soft bristles would be fine, though during the shedding seasons regular brushing is recommended. Clean between the areas of its wrinkles and folds to prevent bacterial built up, if your Daug has too much of it like its Pug parent. Other hygiene requirements include cleaning its eyes and ears, trimming its nails as well as brushing its teeth on a regular basis. Since most of them are not as flat-faced as the Pug, they might not suffer from severe breathing problems as the latter. Training Though they are intelligent and eager-to-please their masters, the Daug might be stubborn and obstinate at times, thus needing a firm hand to deal with it tactfully. Socializing the Daug puppies are of utmost importance so that they get to mix with different people and get acquainted with various kinds of environments from a young age, which would eventually help them to identify the good from the bad. To help them overcome their territorial nature and chasing instinct, take them to dog parks quite often, though with a leash so that they get to meet several dogs and gradually come to know them. To help it get over its urge to bark unnecessarily, teach him to bark only on command. His exposure to varied situations would gradually help him understand when to be vocal and when not to. Feeding Feed you Dachshund Pug mix a good quality dog food in combination with nutritious homemade diet to keep it healthy. A Daug will be satisfied with a little playtime inside and a short walk each day. Daugs are very distrusting of strangers and newcomers. When you have guests over, it will take a while for your Daug to warm up to them. Daugs can have Brachycephalic Syndrome. Pugs are known for their flat, wrinkly faces with protruding eyes. While not all Daugs get this characteristic look, some of them do inherit the altered bone structure. For these Daugs, brachycephalic syndrome is a possibility. This is a genetic condition that all Pugs have and might pass on to some Daugs. You can tell which ones are prone to it by looking at their face. The ones that have a look more similar to a pug with a short snout and bulging eyes are the ones that are susceptible to this syndrome. Daugs are very loyal and they bond closely with one person. If you leave a Daug alone for too long, it might start to bark and fuss. Commonly, this leads to separation anxiety in Daugs. Crate training from an early stage can help to remedy this problem. Because Daugs are very vocal to begin with, one that has separation anxiety can become a real nuisance to neighbors, barking continuously until you return home. Be sure to instill proper training early enough to avoid this potential issue with Daugs. They can be aggressive towards others if not socialized young. Daugs are not overly fond of strangers. They tend to be very wary of anyone new, person or animal. This can be mitigated if a Daug is socialized often and with many people and animals from an early age. It can lead to full-on aggression if not trained out of a Daug. They love to please their owners and are willing to work hard to do so, but they can also be very stubborn at times. Overall, these are very low-maintenance dogs that require little more than your attention. These dogs can adapt well to many different situations, making them great for a range of situations — from apartment living in the city to staying in a large home with more space. Are These Dogs Good for Families? If socialized properly from a young age, Daugs can be good with kids as well. Some of that prey drive is leftover in the Daug, so they have an instinct to chase smaller animals. Sabian is the best-looking dog I have ever seen and owned, and he acts like he knows it, too. He's a great watchdog, loves kids and gets along well with our other dog Max, who is an English Bulldog. Just to add, this picture does not do him justice. His body is muscular and well proportioned, he is absolutely gorgeous! It is a cross between the Dachshund and the Pug. The best way to determine the temperament of a mixed breed is to look up all breeds in the cross and know you can get any combination of any of the characteristics found in either breed. It is very common for breeders to breed multi-generation crosses. In this picture, he is 3 and a half years old and weighs 18 lbs. Sabian is very playful, loyal and loves to cuddle and watch TV at the same time. He is so cute; I call him my "genetic masterpiece. I got him when he was 8 weeks old. Both my husband and I fell in love with him the moment that we saw him. Astro is ruled by his tummy. He will sit, roll over, play dead, say please as he is doing in the pic, sleep, doing many little tricks for a treat as well as anything he wants. She is the smallest of the litter there were three. She is extremely curious and friendly like her mom, but loves to sleep and cuddle on laps like her dad. This hybrid has a coat that sheds a low to a moderate amount. During the regular season, brushing them with a soft bristle brush twice a week is usually enough and increase it to daily brushing once their shedding season comes in. This helps scatter natural oils in their skin which gives them a healthier coat. When it comes to bathing, the full bath should only be given when needed to preserve their natural oil and to prevent them from developing dry skin or dandruff issues. Should your mixed breed inherits more genes from its Pug lineage, owners should be wary of wrinkles and folds and should clean them thoroughly to avoid bacterial buildup. Nail trimming must be done by someone who knows how to do nail clipping. Their ears should be regularly inspected for infection and cleaned once a week. Their teeth should be brushed at least two to three times a week especially that they are vulnerable to dental problems and gum issues. Pug crossed with Dachshund Health Problems The Pug crossed with Dachshund, on average, can live at least 12 and up to 15 years. This means that it will live as far as normal dogs do. However, their shortened legs make them more prone to injuries in the joints and back. Constant wear and tear can also result in major structural problems. To keep them safe, it is better not to allow them to run up on steep terrains or climb up and down the stairs. It would also be great to refrain them from jumping on and off different objects or furniture. Usually, hybrid dog breeds are much healthier compared to their purebred parents. Though, it can still develop the specific genetic health problems both of its parents breed experience. This condition alters the normal function of the body and too much of these steroids for prolonged periods may lead to severe complications and eventually, death. The most common symptoms are excessive appetite, increased thirst and urination, loss of hair, and a pot-bellied appearance. Cataract: This condition refers to the cloudiness in the crystalline lens of the eye which may vary from partial to total opacity. When the eye lens becomes clouded, it prevents light from passing to the retina, which can result in vision loss. Cataract is usually an inherited disease but can also be caused by injuries to the eye or diseases like diabetes mellitus. IVDD intervertebral disc disease : This is a degenerative disease that affects the spinal cord and happens when the cushioning discs between the vertebrae of the spinal column start to harden. This condition is usually not evident but may be worsened by a trigger such as a wrong jump or fall. The discs that have already been weakened can bring on the acute phase of the disease. Bloat: This condition, also known as gastric dilatation and volvulus GDV , happens when the stomach twists and then gets filled with air. This is an emergency condition as the bloated stomach puts pressure on the diaphragm that causes breathing problems. The force also limits or cuts off the blood flow to the heart or can rupture organs which can both lead to death. Other health issues that mostly come from a Dachshund parent and can affect this mixed breed are seizures , deafness, epilepsy, vaccination sensitivity, skin problems, allergies and yeast infections. Dachshund mixes are susceptible to these problems so remember that a visit to the vet every months is essential to rule out any condition and will ensure sound health of your hybrid. Dachshund Pug Mix Food Requirements All dogs, regardless of breed, have mostly the same nutritional requirements. They need a well-balanced diet consisting of healthy fats, carbohydrates, healthy fats, protein, vitamins, and minerals. If that balance is disturbed, a product like Nutra Thrive dog food supplement can fix it. The Dachshund Pug Mix can also thrive on high-quality dry food as long as it is specially made for their needs, like these best dry dog food for small dogs. Opting for best large breed dry dog food might not be the right choice due to different nutritional needs of petite and grande doggos. You can also give your hybrid cooked meat or approved veggies and canned food once in a while to pamper them. Make sure not to overfeed them as they may gain weight and become obese which may cause different health issues. It is free of grains to ensure that your pup can digest the kibble with no problems at all. It has a collection of nutritious ingredients that will surely benefit this mixed breed. Thirty-six percent of the recipe is comprised by the protein which sources include turkey meal, deboned turkey, and chicken meal. To provide the complex carbohydrates requirements, the pet food also added with peas and potatoes. Plus, an ample amount of healthy fat from salmon oil. Its right blend of ingredients is formulated for overall sound health. Its primary sources of protein are a chicken meal, salmon meal and lamb meal. Other ingredients include brewers rice and brown rice. Dog For Dog Food : This kibble is instead a simple pet food that will provide the essentials. To aid with digestion, the recipe is also brimmed with a healthy amount of fiber, prebiotics, and probiotics. One edge of this kibble is that use two key ingredients — beef and avocados. Beef provides the protein needs while avocados take care of giving the healthy fats your dog needs. Actually, they have low exercise requirements. A long stretch of walk or two short ones daily is sufficient enough to meet their daily exercise needs. You can also bring them to the dog park instead where they can meet other furry friends. At home, you can provide him toys, gifts, or any equipment that can get their mind engages and stimulated. Given their clingy personality, this hybrid would surely love to play with you and your family! This plaything in non-toxic, safe and has three layers of soft yet still durable gauze. Small dogs will have an easy time gripping or carrying it, and it is designed to endure daily chewing. Planet Dog Orbee-Tuff Snoop: This is a toy that will surely be loved by this mixed breed as it dispenses goodies. It has a compartment where you can hide the treat. The hybrid will be mentally stimulated and will have prolonged hours of fun getting the goodies out. It is a floatable toy so you can use it either on land or in the water. It is S-shaped but stretches out to its total length as your dog pulls it. Playing this with your dog can consume or channels its hidden aggression in a good way. Dachshund Pug Mixed-breed Training Although this mixed breed is smart and would mostly be eager to please their owners, there are times when they can act stubborn and willfully. This makes them moderately easy but slightly slower to train and may require some of your patience. Here are some useful tips to help you train this mixed breed: Early Socialization. Socialization at their young age is critical. You need to introduce them to different people and get them familiarized with other pets, animals, and various types of environment. This will help them identify what is right and what is not. Stay consistent. You may need to be firm with your training schedule. Get a specific time of the day when you would train them. Use Positive Training Techniques. Since their progress may be gradual, you can use positive reinforcement to speed it somehow up. See it to provide them with a neck scratch, pat on the head, or give him some treats when he completed a task. Remember, when you always reward good behavior, it will be faster for your dog to learn things. It is loving, intelligent, sweet, and clingy which makes them an excellent family pet. The hybrid will also be a great playmate for your kids. But, can also act like the cute watchdog that will alert you of any intrusion of a stranger. Just make sure to provide them the same love and attention that will devote to you, you can look forward to having a great companion dog. If you want to see more Doxie mixes, though, take a look at our tables of some fabulous cross-breeds to consider. While they are prone to some health problems, many of these are not related to diet. Like all dogs, it is important to keep them at a healthy weight. Obesity can be particularly troublesome for this breed, as they are more prone to breathing difficulties. The extra weight can seriously cause problems. Measure the amount of food you want to feed your dog and be sure to watch their weight. These dogs are known for not being super active, so the lack of exercise can put them at an even higher risk for obesity. Some of these dogs are prone to food allergies. Therefore, you may need to be a bit careful about what you feed them. They develop after the dog eats the same protein for an extended period. Switch up their main source of protein. In fact, they may be prone to exercise-induced health problems. Many have shortened faces, which can cause breathing problems. Still, these dogs do need exercise. A short walk or two each day is required. These can be replaced by short play sessions. The key here is short. You should not force these dogs to exercise for extended periods. They should be allowed to rest often. You should go out of your way to encourage play, though. These dogs are prone to being quite lazy, which can lead to obesity. Obesity should be avoided at all costs, as these dogs are already prone to enough health problems. The addition of obesity can make them extremely unhealthy. Therefore, they are usually more difficult to train. With that said, they do need quite a bit of socialization. They need to be introduced to many different dogs, people, and situations at a young age. This will help them be friendly and accepting when they are introduced to new people as adults. Puppy classes are very good for this. They provide the opportunity for this dog to meet others in a safe and controlled environment. Often, puppy obedience classes are really about getting the dog socialized, with some extra training thrown in. They do shed quite a bit, though their shedding may be particularly bad during certain times of the year. We do recommend brushing them twice a week to reduce this fur loss. Otherwise, they can quickly cover your house with hair. These brushing sessions will also remove dirt from their coat, elongating the time they can wait between baths. This also spreads around the natural oils in their fur, which can keep their coat and skin healthier. These dogs do not need baths very much as all. We only recommend bathing them if they get physically dirty. Otherwise, they may need a bath every few months at the most. If they have wrinkles on their face, you will need to clean them regularly to prevent bacteria and moisture from building up. Dog wipes are often the best option for this. Both of their parents are prone to a variety of health problems, which this mixed breed can inherit as well. Of course, they do tend to be healthier than either of their parents. Many are still prone to a variety of health conditions, though. In particular, these dogs are prone to brachycephalic syndrome. This can make it difficult for them to breathe, as all the bones and facial muscles are shoved together. These dogs usually cannot breathe properly and have difficulty cooling themselves. This leaves them open to heat exhaustion and exercise-induced collapse. This condition is exactly why these canines are prone to snorting and coughing. Due to their bone structure, these dogs often have eye problems as well. Their eyes tend to pop out of their heads, which causes all sorts of eye problems. The Daug may be affected by extreme brachycephalic syndrome, or they could hardly have it at all. It depends on the shape and size of their muzzle. Dogs with more of a snout will typically be affected less. This condition is extremely common among Dachshunds and affects how their adrenal gland works. It makes it produce far too many hormones, which can make it seem like your dog is growing and aging too quickly. If it is caught early, this condition is treatable. Intervertebral disk disease can occur in dogs with long backs. This condition occurs when the area within the spinal column becomes swollen, cutting off the nerves going to the lower body. Typically, dogs with long backs are more likely to develop this condition. It is usually caused by an injury, jumping, or some similar physical activity. Dogs with IVD will typically experience pain in their lower legs, followed by muscle weakness. Eventually, they will become paralyzed in their lower body, including their legs and bladder. Treatment for this condition includes crate rest and the occasional surgery. Surgery can be helpful for some canines, but it is expensive and does not always work. Minor Conditions.

The XXL is another of these sub-types that have emerged where Bullies are bred for more extreme proportions and unnatural conformation, including extreme size and weight. However, they can also be purebred XL bullies bred to greater and greater extremes by pairing the biggest individuals. Since the XXL is not recognized, it can be a marketing gimmick for some disreputable breeders. So be careful to research before your purchase. Breeding for extreme size can create more health issues in the breed, typically placing more strain on their hearts, bones, and joints and typically shortening their lifespans. The difference between XXL and Xl Bully is often confusing, and sometimes both terms are used to describe the same dog. In essence, they are very similar: American XXL Bully is bred to be as large as possible, with a weight range of pounds 54 to 91 kg. However their height range is usually quite short for the amount of weight they carry, typically between 18 and 24 inches 45 to 60 cm. However, some dogs can stand up to 28 inches 71 cm at the wither in extreme cases. Typically, the XXL Bully is a large, muscular dog with a broad head, wide chest, and thick, powerful legs. They have a short, smooth coat that comes in various colors, including black, blue, fawn, and brindle. Usually, American Bullies are not allowed to be albino or merle, but since the XXL is not really recognized, you may find them in any color. You can see this in the Merle American Pitbull , Aftermath: Another famous example of an XXL Bully is the beautiful black Pitbull, Prague: And the most famous giant red nose Bully that popularized the breed, Hulk: These dogs are bred to exude power and strength, with bone-crushing jaws and characteristic huge blocky heads. Their ears are often cropped to make them look even more intimidating. Help Dogs In Need Our blog posts aim to provide comprehensive, accurate, and objective information on all types of dogs, helping our readers make informed choices that fit their lifestyle. We don't endorse any specific breeding practices, but advocate for ethical breeding and dog welfare. We encourage exploring adoption first. Countless wonderful dogs, from all breeds, await their forever homes in shelters. Remember, with AdoptDontShop, you can give a deserving rescue a second chance at happiness. They are known for their ability to excel in various dog sports, such as weight pulling, obedience, and agility. They are also highly trainable and respond well to positive reinforcement training methods. They respond well to positive reinforcement training methods and thrive on praise and rewards. However, they do need boundaries and good leadership. This video shows how well these dogs do with positive training methods as puppies and trainable they usually are: Some XXL Bullies are working bullies. Because of their size, they do not have the stamina that a Belgian Malinois does, but with good trainers, they make good protection dogs as in this video: Keep in mind; these dogs should never be trained to be aggressive. Protection training is not meant to create an aggressive dog. So it is only something to do with a professional. Any bite work or guard training with a powerful dog needs to be undertaken with extreme care to avoid accidents. XXL Bullies usually have a loving and loyal temperament. But temperaments can vary depending on the bloodline. Those bred more like a Pitbull can be more intense, while others have a more laid-back attitude, similar to a mastiff or Bulldog. Bullies closer to the athletic Pitbull-type need at least minutes of high-intensity daily exercise, including walks, runs, or plenty of playtime in a fenced-in yard. However, the giant XXL Bullies with heavy builds need low-impact activity to preserve their joints and may also be prone to heatstroke. So a walks and short bouts of playtime are better as their size will not allow for much intense exercise. Providing the breed with enough exercise is crucial to prevent them from becoming bored or destructive. However, be careful with heavy exercise that could damage their joints. Warning: these dogs can be highly destructive if they become bored! They are completely capable of destroying your furniture. They do best in a house with a securely fenced-in yard where they can run and play. If they live in an apartment or other small living space, they will require more frequent exercise and playtime. They should be brushed weekly to remove loose hair and keep their coat shiny and healthy, and you can use a gentle oatmeal and aloe dog shampoo about every six weeks to wash them. They should also have their nails trimmed regularly and their ears cleaned with canine-friendly ear wipes to prevent infections. Too much extra weight on this dog will put undue stress on their joints and can exacerbate issues like early arthritis. They need a heart-friendly diet, as they may have congenital heart problems, so speak to your vet about adding extra omega-3 fatty acids, taurine, L-carnitine, and MCT oil to their diet. They may also be prone to urate and cystine stones, so they may need a special diet for kidney stones. Typical hereditary issues to look out for in the XXL Bully include:. Please do not mix the American Staffie with the much smaller and far less aggressive English Staffordshire Bull Terrier. Despite there notoriety they are still only a small amount of these dogs in the UK In the UK they have become the most sought-after breed of dog and are one of the most recent and most talked about of all the latest crossbreeds. These dogs are incredibly reactive and aggressive to both humans and dogs and almost any other animals. Aggression: Are XLs aggressive? This Bully dog is not afraid to socialise and meet new people. They are highly tolerant of children and strangers. I would imagine the gene pool in the UK is far smaller than in America. It could be that the writers of these glowing testaments are talking about the behaviour of their dogs and not the breed as a whole. Or they are looking through rose-tinted glasses, or they are lying. May I suggest all of those reasons are probably true? One of my specialities was in all types of aggression. I believe these dogs are over-reactive, stimulated by movement, distrustful of strangers and incredibly strong. I have assessed and been involved in numerous cases that have gone to court many I have assessed or defended in court showed the dog as not inherently aggressive. Unfortunately a number did. I have worked with every breed and crossbreed. I have never refused to assess or work with any type of dog breed over a period of 40 years, owning, handling, assessing and working with tens of thousands of them. Though I have retired now, this breed of dog is one I would totally refuse to work with, simply because of the danger to both humans and other dogs. I believe they are probably the most dangerous breed ever created and the following figures and statistics bear that statement out. Remember these are a new American breed and are particularly new to the UK. I would like to point out that these bully breeds were also bred for dog fighting and two of the main crosses in XL Bullys are the American Bulldog and the American Pitbull Terrier both commonly used. The tracking and protection part is to track and bring a man down. Dog Attacks and Deaths in the UK: Typically, there are less than 3 fatalities a year f In there were four deaths one was a young year-old boy called Jack Lis. However, in there was a massive leap in fatalities 10 people were killed, 6 of them killed by American XL Bullies and the 7th victim was by an American Bulldog. There have been six deaths already this year. One you may have read or heard about was a professional dog walker called Natasha Johnston. .As I was writing this article the Police issued an update saying she was killed by her own dog. Why did the police put the Cane Corso in as a cross when they are often used to create the XL Bully in the first place? The dog was described as a large bulldog-type breed and was believed to be a banned breed. The sixth death was two Rottweillers once again Mastiff Breeds. Conclusion: Think for just a minute about those facts and statistics, The majority of the fatalities including children as young as 17 months were caused by one breed of dog that is new and fairly rare in this country. People are buying them as family pets on the glowing approbation of the breeders in America. The majority were psychologically and temperamentally sound. I actually felt that the Dangerous Dogs Act was flawed from the outset and despite tinkering it is still unfit for purpose. .Genetics is just one part of the equation. Having said that, I believe what they have done with the American XL Bully is to create a dog that is so dangerous that the general public should never be allowed to breed or own one. For once in my life I believe that something drastic must be done to curb this ultra-aggressive and hyper-reactive breed. Put a ban on the breeding and selling of these dogs in all parts of the UK and start educating the general public on how to raise a well-rounded and safe dog when they first get a puppy. Most people especially during lockdown on a whim without any research or knowledge on how dogs think or learn. Most dogs are not socialised or trained enough during that first week period. I watched a Netflix series called Unnatural Selection In the series, a dog breeder, a totally untrained layman working as an oil field technician was experimenting with genetics and altering the DNA of dogs. His own dogs were mainly American XL Bully-type dogs and he had a lot of them. He was buying DNA manipulation kits so as to speed up the dramatic changes that people wanted in this breed of dog. He artificially inseminated and extracted semen from his dogs he was experimenting to make rapid genetic changes in his animals. The man in question lives in Mississippi USA. Perhaps he or someone else succeeded? If so that could explain the sudden dramatic climb in fatal attacks from these XL Bully Breeds. It has now been reported that the XL American Bully dogs in the UK are times more likely to kill than any other dog breed, according to a new analysis of public data. What I am concerned about is whatever happened created a Frankenstein monster of a dog. Legislation is urgently required before many more children, adults, and dogs are killed. The problem with the XL Bullies their aggression is not related to socialisation, though that can exacerbate the problem. The real concern is their powerful genetic disposition for predatory and reactive aggression. These dogs were bred to fight and attack. They are the type of dogs that were used in Bull and Bear Baiting, and dog fighting, They also hark back to the famous dogs of war used by the Romans to create their empire and of course to invade Britain. Has anyone heard anything from the Government about this problem? I have been saying this on TV and Radio for the last 6 months. Neither DEFRA nor the Government has uttered a word about the fact that In the last 3 years, the vast majority of deaths have been caused by one specific breed. I also have a petition regarding Dog Theft it has , signatures The Government promised to change the law nearly two years ago. Has it been done has the severity of the sentencing changed and have they changed the charge from stolen property like a laptop or mobile to abducting a family pet and sentient animal with all that entails? You can guess the answer. See below for a link to the petition. I think this article is important enough to share on all media platforms. Some of the media platforms are shown below. We are known for the world famous two-faced Merle american bully, Phantom. Our dogs are the best family dogs, amazing temperament with infants, children and adults. Our productions are known to have quality, size, structure and beautiful colors. Let a swag pup join your family today! As dog owners, we understand that our dog is not just our companion or best friend but also part of the family. It is without saying that you cannot find a true friend and companion from any dick and harry but from a trusted dog breeder and seller such as Swag Kennels. At Swag Kennels, we breed and sell the best and high-quality American Bully breeds. When it comes to choosing the right American Bully for you, Swag Kennels is the place to seek. At Swag Kennels, we offer the best of both XL and XXL American Bullies of different colors from brown, black, white, blue, fawn, ticking, brindle, lilac-tri, chocolate, to champagne. If you are seeking to buy an American Bully, you can always count on Swag Kennels. To choose your dream dog, visit our instagramm page. If you are sick with COVID Avoid contact with your pet, including petting, snuggling, being kissed or licked, and sharing food. When possible, have another member of your household care for your animals while you are sick. If you must care for your pet or be around animals while you are sick, wash your hands before and after you interact with pets and wear a facemask. He was worth every dime. Thank you Swag Kennels for great customer service! My kids so happy with new family member! Our family are Delighted with her! Sophie Great people, they go above and beyond for their customers and treat their pups like family. I purchased my baby girl Eva from them and she was worth every penny! Adrian Santos Very nice guys! They take care of dogs very professionally, they helped me a lot. It was very pleasant to talk with them and definitely want to buy a puppy from them!!! Thank you! Nick D Swag Kennels are above and beyond great!! You will not find nicer people who stay in touch, wonder how the pups are doing and growing, and are there to answer any and EVERY question you could come up with. The hours and dedication they put into the pups from birth til when they go home with you is outstanding. I have never laid hands on pups as healthy and well started as the litter I got my boy out of. You will not be disappointed. I will certainly get another pup from them! Justin Poiencot You will not find a better kennel to get your xl bully from! The owners treat all the pups like they're own babies! My husband and I bought our sweet Luna from them and we couldn't ask for a better pup! She's playful, cuddly, loving, well behaved and not to mention the cutest thing ever! We love her so much!! Abby Barber Can't wait to see my little baby pitbull! I talked to Yulia, she answered all my questions, was really nice and knowledgeable. And now I paid the deposit and just waiting for my cutie to meet. I know they are treating their dogs really well, because I was following them for a long time. I can recommend Swag Kennels to my friends and other people who would want to get healthy puppy pitbulls. Anastasia A By the far the best kennel out there. Fady Elaiwat Purchased my beautiful Xl bullie from Swag kennels and I absolutely have to say that Yulia and her husband are the most loving, nicest people I have ever met, they know exactly what they are doing in this business they love and care for thier pets as if they are family! Always willing to answer questions Very informative And go above and beyond! They are very gentle and loving toward other animals and especially people. Good tempered, well mannered, extremely loyal and an affectionate family member. Mostly obedient, this dog wants nothing more than to please its human. The XL American Bully is well known for having a high tolerance for kids and an overwhelming eagerness to please its love ones. Confident, yet not aggressive, XL Bully possesses a great temperament. Physically, they have an impressive strapping build, which is both muscular and defined. They display great strength, durability, and agility. Bully Temperament It is safe to say that although this breed possesses an impressive stature, with defined muscles and a strong build, they are very, very sweet hearted and have a soft temperament. Many people believe the American Bully is simply a type of pit-bull this is false and is a common misconception towards this breed. Overall, the XL American Bully is a well-rounded, reliable, trustworthy and ideal family member mans best-friend. The XL American Bully needs an owner who is firm with a lot of patience, that's very confident, and very consistent. Always let them know whats expected of them; give rules and guidelines to follow to what they are and are not allowed to do. Establish yourself as the pack leader as dogs are naturally instinctively inclined to follow in that order. A Pit bull and American Bully are two distinct dog breeds. They also love attention, and are definitely massive affection givers, so you can expect tons and tons of licks, kisses and head tilts. They are known for being an extremely adaptable breed who are both playful and caring, this makes them an exceptional addition to families with children. The American Bully is known to be the loyalist of the many dog breeds, adding to the many reasons for why they make the perfect family pet. They range from 24 to 27 inches in height and weigh anywhere from pounds to pounds, both male and female. They can pack on size and weight very fast, so I recommend to not overfeed them and to let them grow gradually so that their bones fuse together properly. This dog was first bred in the s. The American Kennel Club does not recognize this dog breed. Their temperament has been selectively bred to produce a dog with a soft and mellow personality. They are kind, loving and gentle towards family members and do well in homes with or without kids. The appearance of this pooch closely resembles a Pitbull dog. The Bully requires 30 to 60 minutes of exercise each day. Your puppy comes with all the paperwork, health records, and a small bag of food. Merle is a genetic pattern that can be in a dog's coat. In addition to altering base coat color, merle also modifies eye color and coloring on the nose and paw pads. The merle gene occasionally changes dark eyes to blue, or part of the eye to be colored blue. Responsible breeders who want to produce merle puppies mate a merle with a non-merle dog; and none will have the vision or hearing defects associated with double merle dogs. Some of our dogs are available world-wide, and some are only available within the USA or only available outside of the USA. This can change at any time, so please check back at any time to see the current status. A tri carrier dog is a dog that doesn't show tan points, but can produce dogs that do. A great example of a tri-carrier dog is Triple Champion King Louii. King Louii is a lilac colored dog, and does not show any tri colors at all. But if King Louii is bred to a female that is tri, they can produce full tri-colored puppies. Tri Carrier means a dog has a single copy of the Tan Point trait heterozygous. We are looking for genetic defects within our dogs that could be passed down to their puppies. Within our program, you will see 2 different results. CRD4 is an eye condition that originated with long-haired Dachshunds, and is very common within our breed. It is estimated that over half of our breed has at least 1 trait. We wrote up an article on it, so please click below to learn more! COIs also track how related dogs are further back in the pedigree. Look back 10 generations in our own family trees and you are very unlikely to see the same name twice. This is not true for dogs, though. The same names can appear many, many times.